夏大豆高产的形态生理指标及栽培技术研究

在夏大豆氮磷营养生理研究的基础上,1983～1986年在山东省巨野县温庄村连续4年在100亩以上获得平均亩产分别为152.5、179.5、203.2、202.2kg的产量。说明黄淮平原地区夏大豆增产潜力很大。本文重点阐述了利用鲁豆2号实现亩产200kg的形态生理指标、土壤条件和栽培措施。     

大豆成熟期基因作用的遗传分析

本文利用Clark和Harosoy成熟期等位基因系,研究了成熟期基因E_1e_1、E_2e_2、E_3e_3对出苗—开花、开花—成熟阶段以及全生育期的作用。E_1基因使出苗—开花延迟,但使开花—成熟阶段缩短,E_2和E_3使两个生育阶段都延长,以E_3的作用最小。成熟期基因具累加效应。延长生育期的显性基因使株高、主茎节数和分枝数增加,倒伏加重。但对每株荚数、单株粒重没有显著作用,对蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响也较小。     

高产高蛋白大豆与高效固氮根瘤菌和菌根菌最佳联合共生体筛选

大豆——根瘤菌——菌根真菌联合共生对大豆生产具有重要意义,接种根瘤菌能扩大氮肥来源、接种菌根真菌有助于作物从土壤中吸取更多的磷素,应用这两项生物技术可改善大豆氮磷营养、提高土壤肥料利用率,是作物走向自身从空中取氮,向土壤索磷的新方向。 土壤中存在着大量的土著根瘤菌和菌根真菌,要选择高效根瘤菌和菌根菌与之共生,     

山西省甜菜害虫天敌蜘蛛种类及分布

在调查山西省甜菜害虫天敌昆虫种类及分布的基础上,进一步调查了山西甜菜害虫天敌蜘蛛。初步摸清了其种类有29种之多,分别隶属于9科,分布在大同、忻州、太谷等地区,有的在全省均有分布。     

Cracking the Cytotoxicity Code: Apoptotic Induction of 10-Acetylirciformonin B is Mediated through ROS Generation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

A marine furanoterpenoid derivative, 10-acetylirciformonin B (10AB), was found to inhibit the proliferation of leukemia, hepatoma, and colon cancer cell lines, with selective and significant potency against leukemia cells. It induced DNA damage and apoptosis in leukemia HL 60 cells. To fully understand the mechanism behind the 10AB apoptotic induction against HL 60 cells, we extended our previous findings and further explored the precise molecular targets of 10AB. We found that the use of 10AB increased apoptosis by 8.9%–87.6% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 15.2%–95.2% in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI and JC-1 staining assays, respectively. Moreover, our findings indicated that the pretreatment of HL 60 cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, diminished MMP disruption and apoptosis induced by 10AB, suggesting that ROS overproduction plays a crucial rule in the cytotoxic activity of 10AB. The results of a cell-free system assay indicated that 10AB could act as a topoisomerase catalytic inhibitor through the inhibition of topoisomerase IIα. On the protein level, the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, caspase inhibitors XIAP and survivin, as well as hexokinase II were inhibited by the use of 10AB. On the other hand, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased after 10AB treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that 10AB-induced apoptosis is mediated through the overproduction of ROS and the disruption of mitochondrial metabolism.     

Rheology of concentrated xanthan gum solutions: Steady shear flow behavior

Using a strain-controlled rheometer, the steady shear flow properties of aqueous xanthan gum solutions of different concentrations were measured over a wide range of shear rates. In this article, both the shear rate and concentration dependencies of steady shear flow behavior are reported from the experimentally obtained data. The viscous behavior is quantitatively discussed using a well-known power law type flow equation with a special emphasis on its importance in industrial processing and actual usage. In addition, several inelastic-viscoplastic flow models including a yield stress parameter are employed to make a quantitative evaluation of the steady shear flow behavior, and then the applicability of these models is also examined in detail. Finally, the elastic nature is explained with a brief comment on its practical significance. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions exhibit a finite magnitude of yield stress. This may come from the fact that a large number of hydrogen bonds in the helix structure result in a stable configuration that can show a resistance to flow. (2) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions show a marked non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior which is well described by a power law flow equation and may be interpreted in terms of the conformational status of the polymer molecules under the influence of shear flow. This rheological feature enhances sensory qualities in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products and guarantees a high degree of mixability, pumpability, and pourability during their processing and/or actual use. (3) The Herschel-Bulkley, Mizrahi-Berk, and Heinz-Casson models are all applicable and have equivalent ability to describe the steady shear flow behavior of concentrated xanthan gum solutions, whereas both the Bingham and Casson models do not give a good applicability. (4) Concentrated xanthan gum solutions exhibit a quite important elastic flow behavior which acts as a significant factor for many industrial applications such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing processes.     

Development of a platform for realistic garment drape simulation

An integrated platform for garment drape simulation system has been developed. In this system, garment patterns from conventional two-dimensional CAD systems can be assembled into a three-dimensional garment on a parametrically resizable realistic human body model. A fast and robust particle-based physical calculation engine has been developed for garment shape generation. Then a series of geometric and graphical techniques were applied to create realistic impressions on simulated garments. This system can be used as the rapid prototyping tool for garments in the future quick-response system.     

外源褪黑素降低黄瓜体内霜霉威残留的生理生化分析

为探究褪黑素(melatonin,Mel)对黄瓜体内农药降解中的调控作用,以黄瓜‘Y3F604’为材料,以氨基甲酯类农药霜霉威(C₉H₂₀N₂O₂)为处理试剂,采用灌根的方法研究外源施用1 mmol/L Mel对黄瓜体内霜霉威残留的影响,同时探究O₂^-·、H₂O₂、MDA、GSH和GSSG含量以及抗氧化酶和解毒酶的变化情况。结果表明,外源1 mmol/L的Mel处理显著降低了霜霉威处理48 h后黄瓜体内的霜霉威残留量。在霜霉威胁迫下,黄瓜叶片中O₂^-·、H₂O₂和MDA的含量明显增加,而外源Mel处理能够有效抑制霜霉威胁迫下黄瓜体内的O₂^-·、H₂O₂和MDA积累。与对照相比,外源Mel处理显著提高了霜霉威胁迫下SOD、CAT、POD、APX、GPX等抗氧化物酶活性,进一步促进GSH含量和总谷胱甘肽含量的增加,提高GSH/GSSG、GST与GR解毒酶活性。因此,外源施用Mel可提高黄瓜在霜霉威胁迫下的抗氧化能力和解毒能力,从而加速黄瓜体内霜霉威的代谢,是促进蔬菜残留农药降解的新途径。     

陕西省小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接路径研究

分析了陕西省小农户与现代农业发展的基本状况,指出陕西省小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接存在的问题,提出了构建多元化社会服务系统、加大政府对小农户发展的支持力度、促进小农户与社会企业合作、农产品细致化、提高小农户的综合素质5种解决思路。