Intelligence control of on-line dynamic gray cloth inspecting machine system module design. II. Defects inspecting module design

This study aimed to establish a set of gray cloth defect inspection module using image processing technique, so as to develop a full intelligent online dynamic gray cloth defect automatic inspection system. Gray cloth defects to be recognized in this study included holes, stains, warp missing, spider web and weft missing. First use wavelet transform and co-occurrence matrix to find features of gray cloth defect image, next, use back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to make gray cloth defect classification and data output. BPNN was capable of solving nonlinear problems, thus assisted in enhancing defect recognition effect. As every defect to be inspected in this study varied in size and shape, so advantage of BPNN could be used as aid more than else. This study primarily utilized image processing technique to inspect gray cloth defects, not only in a faster speed than common visual inspection, but also eliminating arbitrary factors of inspectors in body and psychology during inspection, resulting in absolute objectivity. Finally, tension control module built in Part 1 and gray cloth defect inspection module built in this study were integrated, and a full intelligent online dynamic gray cloth defect automatic inspection system established. As validated by experiment result, the system established in this study could successfully recognize gray cloth defects, with total recognition rate amounting to 92.5 %.     

Effects of interspecific competition on the growth and competitiveness of five emergent macrophytes in a constructed lentic wetland

To evaluate the performance of new rice establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification (SRI) and integrated crop management (ICM), a field study was conducted during 2008–11 in South Garo Hills, Meghalaya, foot hills of Eastern Himalayas, India. Field demonstrations were undertaken during wet seasons of 2008–11 and socio-economic information in the context of farmer’s realities were obtained during 2010–11 using a well structured questionnaire administered to 134 farmers. The results indicated that the average higher productivity of rice under SRI and ICM demonstration was 209.9 and 185.4 %, respectively, over conventional rice culture (CRC). The SRI and ICM methods of rice cultivation could save seeds (97.56 and 60.98 %), saving water (78.05 and 63.66 %), reduce cost (70.33 %), higher yield etc. compared to CRC. The main reasons for non-adoption of SRI/ICM was related to involvement of more efforts, faith towards traditional practices, ignorance and lack of knowledge on scientific water management. The net-return of $816.69, $706.63 and $51.48/ha was realized under SRI, ICM and CRC, respectively. The co-efficient of multiple determinations (R ²) of the production function was 0.695 in SRI, 0.714 in ICM and 0.734 in CRC which indicated that about 69.5, 71.4 and 73.4 % of the variation in rice productivity under SRI, ICM and CRC, respectively were explained by the independent variable and remaining 30.5, 28.6 and 26.6 %., respectively in SRI, ICM and CRC were as a result of non-inclusion of some explanatory variables as well as other factors outside the farmers control.     

玉米弯孢叶斑病菌NADPH氧化酶生物信息学分析和ATMT敲除载体的构建

从JGI数据库玉米弯孢叶斑病菌(Curvularia lunata)基因组中获得2个编码NADPH氧化酶基因ClNox1和ClNox2。采用生物信息学方法对2个基因编码的蛋白质进行性质、结构和功能等方面的预测。结果表明,ClNox1和ClNox2的分子量分别为6.35和6.41 KD,等电点PI为8.87和8.93,不稳定指数为44.50和39.45;ClNox1是亲水性膜蛋白,包含6个明显的跨膜结构域;ClNox2也是膜蛋白,包含8个明显的跨膜结构域。在亚细胞水平上,ClNox1定位于线粒体上,而ClNox2定位于细胞质膜上;在氨基酸序列方面,ClNox1和ClNox2都含有多个苏氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点;在功能方面,ClNox1和ClNox2都包含NADPH氧化酶特征结构域,并且与Cochliobolus heterostrophus的NADPH氧化酶基因具有较高的同源性。根据ClNox1和ClNox2序列设计特异性引物扩增目的片段,与标记基因NPTII和HphGFP分别连入骨架载体pPZP100,构建完成ClNox1和ClNox2基因的敲除载体pPZP100NPTIIClNox1和pPZP100HphGFPClNox2,为根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化提供基础材料。     

Thermal and mechanical properties of modified CaCO3 filled poly (ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/CaCO₃ and PET/modified-CaCO₃ (m-CaCO₃) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending. The morphology indicated that m-CaCO₃ produced by reacting sodium oxalate and calcium chloride, was well dispersed in PET matrix and showed good interfacial interaction with PET compared to CaCO₃. No significant differences in the thermal properties such as, glass transition, melting and degradation temperatures, of the nanocomposites were observed. The thermal shrinkage of PET at 120 °C was 10.8 %, while those of PET/CaCO₃ and PET/m-CaCO₃ nanocomposites were 2.9–5.2 % and 1.2–2.8 %, respectively depending on filler content. The tensile strength of PET/CaCO₃ nanocomposite decreased with CaCO₃ loading, whereas that of PET/m-CaCO₃ nanocomposites at 0.5 wt% loading showed a 17 % improvement as compared to neat PET. The storage modulus at 120 °C increased from 1660 MPa for PET to 2350 MPa for PET/CaCO₃ nanocomposite at 3 wt% loading, and 3230 MPa for PET/m-CaCO₃ nanocomposite at 1 wt% loading.     

Improvement of the agricultural effective rainfall for irrigating rice using the optimal clustering model of rainfall station network

In this study, the clustering method was applied to improve the usage of effective rainfall (ER) for irrigating rice paddy in the region managed by the TaoYuan Irrigation Association (TIA) of Taiwan. A total of 16 rainfall stations and rainfall data from 1981 to 2000 were used. A traditional area-weighted method (Thiessen polygons method) and an optimal clustering model of ER were evaluated and compared. The optimal clustering model of ER comprised self-organizing map (SOM), k-means (KM), and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithms. To obtain optimal clustering data of ER, the clustering groups from two to five of SOM, KM, and FCM algorithms were determined using root-mean-squared-error. The results show that three algorithms with group numbers from two to five are adopted for the monthly optimal clustering model in different months. However, for the annual optimal model, 12 sub-models are assessed and then compared. The results show that the SOM clustering with groups three was the optimal model for annual ER. The optimal clustering model of ER provides a new procedure step in preparation of the irrigation scheduling for the TIA, and the amount irrigation water waste can be reduced from 770.1 to 22.3 mm/year. The planned ER using the optimal clustering model significantly improves the irrigation water use efficient in agricultural water management.     

施肥和密度对小麦产量及加工品质的影响

为了探讨提高产量和改善品质的合理栽培措施,试验采用不同氮肥和密度处理,研究其对产量和品质的影响,结果表明:基本苗为225万~450万/hm2时产量差异不显著,但均比150万/hm2基本苗处理显著提高了产量。施氮270 kg/hm2比135 kg/hm2显著提高了产量。不同基本苗处理对蛋白质含量和加工品质指标影响较小,但不同施氮量对各蛋白组分、总蛋白质含量及加工品质指标有显著影响,高氮处理比低氮处理显著提高了总蛋白质和各蛋白组分含量,并显著增加了沉淀值、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量、吸水率、形成时间和面包体积。结论认为:基本苗对产量影响较大,对品质影响较小,施氮处理对产量和品质均有重要影响,适当增施氮肥可以使籽粒产量、营养品质和加工品质同步提高。     

基于离子液体与超声波辅助提取普洱茶茶多酚的工艺优化

本试验利用新型绿色环保溶剂离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐,[BMIM]Br)为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取普洱茶中茶多酚.在以[BMIM]Br浓度、提取时间、提取率及料液比为单因素的试验基础上,进行响应面法优化普洱茶茶多酚的提取工艺.确定最佳提取工艺为:[BMIM]Br浓度0.3 mol/L,料液比1:30,提取...     

二氧化硅在菜籽油吸附脱磷中的应用及其对酚酸的影响

为了精炼后的油中尽可能多地保留菜籽多酚,首先通过傅里叶红外光谱分析(Fourier infrared spectrum,FT-IR)和差示扫描量热分析(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)对二氧化硅(SiO2)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)以及它们的复合物进行表征分析,然后以菜籽油为研究...     

Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Calcification of Heart Valve Interstitial Cells

Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis involve inflammatory reactions triggered by various stimuli, causing increased oxidative stress. This increased oxidative stress causes damage to the heart cells, with subsequent cell apoptosis or calcification. Currently, heart valve damage or heart valve diseases are treated by drugs or surgery. Natural antioxidant products are being investigated in related research, such as fucoxanthin (Fx), which is a marine carotenoid extracted from seaweed, with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Fx on heart valves under high oxidative stress, as well as the underlying mechanism of action. Rat heart valve interstitial cells under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress were treated with Fx. Fx improved cell survival and reduced oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, which was assessed by cell viability analysis and staining with propidium iodide. Alizarin Red-S analysis indicated that Fx has a protective effect against calcification. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that Fx abrogates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via reducing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins as well as modulate Akt/ERK-related protein expression. Notably, in vivo experiments using 26 dogs treated with 60 mg/kg of Fx in combination with medical treatment for 0.5 to 2 years showed significant recovery in their echocardiographic parameters. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo results highlight the potential of Fx to protect heart valve cells from high oxidative stress-induced damage.     

孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地水稻干物质生产的影响

以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。