Evaluation of a competitive ELISA for antibody detection against avian influenza virus

Active serologic surveillance is necessary to control the spread of the avian influenza virus (AIV). In this study, we evaluated a commercially-available cELISA in terms of its ability to detect AIV antibodies in the sera of 3,358 animals from twelve species. cELISA detected antibodies against reference H1- through H15-subtype AIV strains without cross reactivity. Furthermore, the cELISA was able to detect antibodies produced following a challenge of the AIV H9N2 subtype in chickens, or following vaccination of the AIV H9 or H5 subtypes in chickens, ducks and geese. Next, we tested the sensitivity and specificity of the cELISA with sera from twelve different animal species, and compared these results with those obtained by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the "gold standard" in AIV sera surveillance, a second commercially-available cELISA (IZS ELISA), or the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Compared with the HI test, the sensitivities and specificities of cELISA were 95% and 96% in chicken, 86% and 88% in duck, 97% and 100% in turkey, 100% and 87% in goose, and 91% and 97% in swine, respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of the cELISA in this study were higher than those of IZS ELISA for the duck, turkey, goose, and grey partridge sera samples. The results of AGP test against duck and turkey sera also showed significant correlation with the results of cELISA (R-value >0.9). In terms of flock sensitivity, the cELISA correlated better with the HI test than with commercially-available indirect ELISAs, with 100% flock sensitivity.     

广西岩溶区烟草栽培地土壤养分、微生物与病害发生的调查分析

对广西岩溶区靖西县栽培的烟草根际土壤养分、微生物数量和主要病害的发生情况进行了调查分析。结果表明：该地区土壤pH偏高,营养元素除了速效钾含量较低外,有机质、全氮、速效磷、有效锰、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量均为丰富,总体肥力较好,其中水田土壤的有机质、全氮含量显著高于旱田（P<0.01）。土壤中微生物总量为1.21×107~9.91×107个/g,其中细菌数量占绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌最少,水田细菌数量显著高于旱田（P<0.05）。3种病害总体以马铃薯Y病毒病为主,发生范围最广,黒胫病次之,青枯病偶有发生。相关分析表明,土壤有机质和全氮含量对细菌数量或总量有很大的影响,土壤速效磷和pH值对植株发病率的影响较大。     

红花籽油提取工艺的优化研究

采用索氏浸提法对红花籽油的提取优化工艺进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交实验确定了红花籽油提取的最佳工艺,同时对红花籽油的脂肪酸成分进行分析,为红花籽油的工业化生产提供科学的理论依据。结果表明:70%的丙酮-水混合溶液以1∶6的料液比,在70℃的温度下浸提3 h,红花籽油的提取率达26.34%。气相色谱分析表明,红花籽油中饱和脂肪酸占19.67%、不饱和脂肪酸占80.33%。     

ICP-MS法测定沙棘维生素P粉中13种微量元素含量

沙棘维生素P粉样品经微波消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品中铁、硒、锌、钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、锰、铅、砷、汞、镉等13种微量元素的含量。使用动态反应池技术消除了多原子离子对部分被测元素的干扰。方法快速准确、灵敏度高,加标回收率在95.2%～101.8%之间,相对标准偏差小于3.0%。     

有关油气田企业投标国际工程项目问题的思考

承揽国际石油工程项目对于我国油气田企业的发展有着至关重要的意义。国际石油工程项目在资格预审、招标文件、投标报价、合同条件和技术规范等方面有其自身特点。针对油气田企业投标国际石油工程项目存在的工程造价管理体制落后、投标文件质量缺乏保障、投标报价技巧欠佳等问题,提出了建立健全信息文件资料库、完善资格预审、高度重视招标文件、...     

Benefits of Conservation Agriculture on Soil and Water Conservation and Its Progress in China

Conservation agriculture has been practised for three decades and has been spread widely. There are many nomenclatures surrounding conservation agriculture and differ to each other lightly. Conservation agriculture (CA) is a system approach to soil and water conservation, high crop productivity and profitability, in one word, it is a system approach to sustainable agriculture. Yet, because conservation agriculture is a knowledge-intensive and a complex system to learn and implement,and also because of traditions of intensive cultivation, adoption rates have been low, since to date, only about seven percent of the world's arable and permanent cropland area is farmed under conservation agriculture. The practice and wider extention of conservation agriculture thus requires a deeper understanding of its ecological underpinnings in order to manage its various elements for sustainable intensification, where the aim is to conserve soil and water and improve sustainability over the long term. This paper described terms related to conservation agriculture, presented the effects of conservation agriculture on soil and water conservation, crop productivity, progress and adoption of CA worldwide, emphasized obstacles and possible ways to increase CA adoption to accelerate sustainable development of China agriculture.     

贵妃鸡生长发育性状的测定与分析

为研究贵妃鸡体重及体尺间的相关性,对60只贵妃鸡的早期生长发育规律及13周龄体尺性状进行了测定,并对测定指标进行分析.结果表明:在0～13周龄,贵妃公鸡平均体重极显著高于母鸡.由生长曲线图可知,在7～8周龄时公鸡增重达到最大.13周龄时贵妃公母鸡平均体重分别为1.1130 kg和0.8954 kg,平均胫长分别为7.85 cm和6.81 cm,贵妃公鸡体重性状和体尺性状相关性极显著高于母鸡.     

原花青素对肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积的抑制

探讨葡萄籽提取物原花青素对肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积的影响.用高脂日粮饲喂小鼠建立肥胖模型,然后分别用低剂量[50 mg/(kg·d)]、中剂量[100 mg/(kg·d)]和高剂量[200mg/(kg·d)]的葡萄籽提取物原花青素灌胃处理15 d,记录体质量变化,检测血清中TG、T-CHO、LDL-C和HDL-C浓度,检测葡萄糖耐受性和胰岛素耐受性,同时利用Real-ime PCR分析PPARy、C/EBPα、HSL和FAS mRNA的表达水平.结果表明,葡萄籽提取物原花青素可降低肥胖小鼠体质量,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性.各处理组血清中总T-CHO、TG和LDL-C浓度均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)降低,而HDL-C浓度显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高.同时,各处理组注射葡萄糖有改善肥胖小鼠高血糖的趋势.注射胰岛素后,原花青素可改善肥胖小鼠对胰岛素的抵抗状况.各处理组附睾脂肪组织中C/EBPa、FAS和PPARyγ基因mRNA的表达水平均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)低于对照组,而HSL mRNA表达水平则呈现显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高.由此可知,葡萄籽提取物原花青素可抑制肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积,降低血脂,同时通过影响脂代谢相关基因的表达和葡萄糖、胰岛素耐受性共同调节小鼠脂肪代谢.     

魔芋飞粉/淀粉基共混膜的制备及性能研究

以魔芋(Amorphophallus rivieri)飞粉、淀粉为主要原料,以甘油为增塑剂,通过流延成膜法制备淀粉/飞粉共混薄膜,以耐水性和力学性能优化飞粉/淀粉的质量比,并从共混膜的相容性和热稳定性角度进行表征,研究魔芋飞粉共混膜的制备条件和膜性能。结果表明,共混膜的最佳飞粉/淀粉质量比为1∶3,此时吸水倍数为0.20 g/g,断裂强度为475.68 N,断裂伸长率为8.85 mm。红外和扫描电镜结果表明,具有网状结构的葡甘聚糖提高了膜的相容性和均匀度,膜的断裂强度和拉伸性增强;纯淀粉膜、交联淀粉膜和共混膜热失重为三阶段式,最终质量损伤率分别为82.91%、93.21%和80.27%;第一、二阶段峰温分别为87、303℃,75、309℃和83、282℃。与纯淀粉膜相比,飞粉淀粉共混膜相容性有所改善,并且更易热降解。