基于CLUE-S模型的湟水流域土地利用空间分布模拟

基于CLUE-S模型,以青海湟水流域为研究区,分别利用1987年和1996年两期土地利用数据,运用逻辑斯蒂逐步回归方法选择自然和社会经济等18种驱动因子,对湟水流域2007年土地利用空间分布格局进行模拟.在此基础上,构建流域2008-2027年土地利用变化的4种不同情景,并模拟了4种情景下2027年土地利用空间分布格局.研究结果表明:(1)两期模拟总体精度分别达到了88.31％和89.96％,4种Kappa指数均大于0.82,表明CLUE-S模型在湟水流域具有良好的土地利用模拟能力.(2)流域2008-2027年不同情景下,城乡居住建设用地在4种情景下均表现为明显增加,主要沿湟水河谷区域扩展,而3种退耕情景下的坡耕地空间格局模拟结果存在着明显的空间差异,从情景二、情景三到情景四,流域内坡耕地范围逐步减小,林地、草地面积范围增大,退耕部分主要分布在流域东部、西部和北部:东部地区退耕的范围主要是集中在乐都县和民和县;北部地区退耕的范围主要是集中在大通县县城北部;西部地区退耕范围则主要在湟源县县城西北部的湟水河两岸.研究结论可为湟水流域未来土地利用管理、规划及政策的制定等提供参考依据和决策支持.     

Rapid changes in throughput from single motor cortex neurons to muscle activity

Motor cortex output is capable of considerable reorganization, which involves modulation of excitability within the cortex. Does such reorganization also involve changes beyond the cortex, at the level of throughput from single motor cortex neurons to muscle activity? We examined such throughput during a paradigm that provided incentive for enhancing functional connectivity from motor cortex neurons to muscles. Short-latency throughput from a recorded neuron to muscle activity not present during some behavioral epochs often appeared during others. Such changes in throughput could not always be attributed to a higher neuron firing rate, to more ongoing muscle activity, or to neuronal synchronization, indicating that reorganization of motor cortex output may involve rapid changes in functional connectivity from single motor cortex neurons to alpha-motoneuron pools.     

放线菌株SJY56的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性的初步研究

从青海省三江源国家自然保护区土样中分离放线菌株230个,经平板对峙培养初筛和发酵过滤液抑菌试验,得到一个较好的菌株SJY56,其发酵液经5倍稀释对金黄色葡萄球菌有显著抑制活性,抑菌圈直径为21mm.经培养观察,生理生化测定,并结合16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定SJY56为链霉菌(Streptomyces atroolivaceus).     

用豆油代替鱼油对虹鳟生长、非特异性免疫和组织酶活性的影响

研究了用豆油代替鱼油对体重为（33．75±0．28）g虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss生长性能、免疫和组织酶活性的影响。试验共分4个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放80尾鱼,分别添加18％（质量分数,下同）鱼油（G1组）、6％鱼油＋12％豆油（G2组）、3％鱼油＋15％豆油（G3组）和18％豆油（G4组）。试验期间水温为12．5～16．5℃,溶解氧为7．8～10mg／L,每天饲喂2次,试验共进行8周。结果表明：豆油部分或全部代替鱼油对虹鳟试验末体重、体长、肥满度、特定生长率、饵料系数和日增重未产生显著影响（P〉0．05）,G2组试验末体重、特定生长率、日增重分别较对照组（G1组）提高7．99％、11．85％和13．89％,饵料系数下降12．82％。与G1组相比,G3组鱼血浆和肝脏中碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高（P〈0．05）,肝脏和肾脏中酸性磷酸酶的活性显著提高（P〈0．01）;G4组鱼肝脏中溶菌酶活性显著降低（P〈0．05）,G2、G3组也呈下降趋势,但差异不显著;各试验组鱼鳃中丙二醛活性显著（P〈0．05）或极显著降低（P〈0．05）;G3组鱼肝脏中过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高（P〈0．05）,12;3、G4组鱼肾脏中CAT也显著升高（P〈0．05）。可见,用豆油可以部分代替鱼油用于虹鳟生产,但用豆油完全代替鱼油会影响虹鳟鱼体的免疫力。试验表明,用添加质量分数为6％鱼油＋12％豆油的饲料饲养虹鳟时,虹鳟的生产性能最好。     

A reovirus disease in cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China

A reovirus, designated mud crab reovirus (MCRV), associated with large economic losses was recently isolated from marine cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China. The complete viral particle is 70 nm in diameter, icosahedral and non-enveloped. The virus infects connective tissue cells of the hepatopancreas, gills and intestine in mud crab and develops in the cytoplasm. Hundred per cent mortality was observed in mud crab experimentally infected by intramuscular injection, bath inoculation and oral inoculation, while cohabitation infection caused 80% mortality. The viral genome consists of 13 linear dsRNA segments, with an electrophoretic pattern 1/5/7. The results of this study suggest that the virus is highly pathogenic and can be transmitted enterically as well as via the body surface of mud crab. Although the genomic organization of this virus is different from that of the other crab reoviruses, CcRV-W2 and DpPV, all three of these reoviruses have similar electrophoresis patterns. Therefore, MCRV may be a new member of the DpPV and CcRV-W2 group.     

Nutritional Contribution of Biofloc within the Diet of Growout and Broodstock of Litopenaeus vannamei,Determined by Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acids

The relative contributions of feed sources were determined through the isotopic signal (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and fatty acid profile of feed items, shrimp muscle, and eggs of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a biofloc system. In the growout phase, the isotope analysis showed the biofloc particle size class ≥250 μm contributed 55–100%; size ≥50 < 250 μm contributed 0–22%; and artificial feed contributed 0–45%. Principal component analysis applied to fatty acid profiles showed that biofloc ≥250 μm and artificial feed were the most important items in shrimp growout. For the egg production, isotope analysis suggested that the most important feed sources according to their relative contributions were polychaetes (0–100%), followed by artemia biomass (0–86%) and semi‐moist feed (0–66%), with lower contributions from squid, mussel, and the muscle of L. vannamei broodstock that had been cultured in biofloc. In terms of fatty acids, the most important items were artemia, polychaetes, and semi‐moist feeds. This work clarified the importance of feed sources for shrimp during culture in biofloc systems and during reproduction. Analysis of stable isotopes and fatty acids can be successfully used to trace the assimilation of nutrients during the nutrition of shrimp.     

Wire frame representation of 3D moulded bra cup and its application to example-based design

Fabric or foam sheet moulding is an important manufacturing technique for the apparel industry, in particular for bra production. It is the most economical and convenient method to seamlessly form a garment part into a specified 3D shape. This paper proposes an example-based method for designing moulded bra cups. In this study, a total of 10 typical moulded bra cup specimens were scanned using the Steinbichler Comet white light scanner. Parameterization based remeshing and registration algorithm was used to characterize the 3D shapes of the convex surface of the scanned bra cups. Using an example-based method, virtual master moulds were constructed based on the 3D surfaces of the investigated bra cups after eliminating the style lines and size differences. Then a new bra cup design can be developed from the master mould, either by drawing the style lines in the virtual environment or using scissors to cut the moulded plastic shot along the desired style lines. Different sizes can also be made by grading the wire frame model in 3D manner. The present method will provide a scientific tool for the product development of new bra cups which was conventionally very time-consuming and ineffective.     

鸡TIGAR基因真核表达质粒的构建及其抗凋亡功能评价

【背景】 TP53诱导的糖酵解和凋亡调节因子（TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator,TIGAR）是p53下游的靶基因,具有调节糖酵解水平和去除活性氧（Reactive oxygen species,ROS）并降低由活性氧诱发的细胞凋亡水平。【目的】 构建鸡源TIGAR基因的真核表达质粒,并检测TIGAR基因在DF1细胞中的抗凋亡作用,为建立稳定表达鸡TIGAR基因的细胞系做准备。【方法】根据GenBank（登录号：XM_417232.6）中预测基因设计引物,利用RT-PCR的方法从SPF鸡脾脏中扩增鸡TIGAR基因,将扩增产物克隆至载体（Flag-CMV14）后送公司测序验证;随后构建进化树对鸡TIGAR基因与其他哺乳动物及水生动物的TIGAR基因进行同源性分析。将重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）转染入DF1细胞24 h后,使用新城疫病毒诱导细胞凋亡,利用Western Blot检测重组质粒表达情况以及Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase（PARP）裂解情况。此外还将重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）转染入DF1细胞,并于收样前2 h使用Staurosporine刺激细胞发生凋亡,分别在转染后24、48 h收集样品,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。【结果】 RT-PCR扩增TIGAR基因,在843 bp处出现目的条带与预测相符,构建的TIGAR真核表达质粒（Flag-TIGAR）经测序,结果显示其序列与GenBank上预测的基本一致。Western Blot结果显示在30 h、36 h收集的样品中PARP均被裂解且转染重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）的实验组与未转染质粒（MOCK）组或转染空载体（Flag-CMV14）组的样品相比,裂解的PARP表达量明显降低,且差异极显著（P<0.01）。流式结果显示：24 h 检测转染Flag-CMV14后细胞总凋亡率为11%（早期凋亡7.8%,晚期凋亡3.2%）,而转染Flag-TIGAR后细胞总凋亡率仅为4%（早期凋亡3.7%,晚期凋亡0.3%）,转染Flag-CMV14的早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率均高于转染Flag-TIGAR组,且差异显著（P<0.05）。48 h转染Flag-CMV14后细胞总凋亡率为20.3%（早期凋亡14.3%,晚期凋亡6.0%）,而转染Flag-TIGAR后细胞总凋亡率为6.4%（早期凋亡4.8%,晚期凋亡1.6%）,转染Flag-CMV14组的细胞早期凋亡和晚期凋亡率均高于转染Flag-TIGAR的组,且差异极显著（P<0.01）。【结论】成功扩增出鸡TIGAR基因,并构建了其真核表达质粒,通过Western Blot和流式实验均证实过表达TIGAR后可降低细胞的凋亡程度并有利于细胞存活。