奶牛分子育种专题学习网站的建设构想

阐述了建设奶牛分子育种专题学习网站的意义和构想,规划了网站的主要内容和发展方向,为相关专业的研究者和从业人员提供参考。     

长江三角洲生态系统服务价值分析及趋势预测

[目的]对长江三角洲生态系统服务价值进行分析及趋势预测,以期为该区未来城市发展以及制定生态环境建设补偿政策提供支持。[结果]以长江三角洲16个地市2000—2014年的土地利用数据和相关统计资料为数据源,采用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算方法,参照修正后的生态系统单位面积生态服务价值系数,结合敏感性分析,探讨生态系统服务价值的时空演化规律,并利用马尔科夫模型对其未来3a的发展趋势进行了预测分析。[结果]区域生态系统总服务价值从2000年的1 303.89亿元减少到2014年的1 294.25亿元,变化率为-0.74%,水源涵养、废物处理和娱乐文化生态系统服务功能价值上升;在空间上,常州、南京、宁波、泰州、台州、扬州的生态系统服务价值不断增加,而其他城市的则处于下降趋势;对长江三角洲2015和2017年的土地利用构成和生态系统服务价值进行预测,呈现耕地、林地持续减少,建设用地持续增加的趋势,生态系统总服务价值将减少276.65亿元。[结论]在未来土地调整中应更多地考虑到生态服务价值的重要意义,格外注意对耕地、水域的保护,控制建设用地占用耕地和林地,继续加大植树造林力度,提高土地利用集约度,维持生态系统的功能。     

Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor

Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.     

Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene

Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) has been implicated in the negative regulation of insulin signaling. Disruption of the mouse homolog of the gene encoding PTP-1B yielded healthy mice that, in the fed state, had blood glucose concentrations that were slightly lower and concentrations of circulating insulin that were one-half those of their PTP-1B+/+ littermates. The enhanced insulin sensitivity of the PTP-1B-/- mice was also evident in glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The PTP-1B-/- mice showed increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in liver and muscle tissue after insulin injection in comparison to PTP-1B+/+ mice. On a high-fat diet, the PTP-1B-/- and PTP-1B+/- mice were resistant to weight gain and remained insulin sensitive, whereas the PTP-1B+/+ mice rapidly gained weight and became insulin resistant. These results demonstrate that PTP-1B has a major role in modulating both insulin sensitivity and fuel metabolism, thereby establishing it as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.     

Equine bullous pemphigoid IgG autoantibodies target linear epitopes in the NC16A ectodomain of collagen XVII (BP180, BPAG2)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering dermatosis of humans, dogs, cats and pigs. It is characterized by skin-fixed and circulating IgG autoantibodies that target one or both BP antigens. An immunological homologue of BP in humans was diagnosed in two horses with cutaneous and mucosal ulcerations as well as microscopic subepithelial vesiculation. Immunological investigations revealed similar findings for both the horses. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of IgG deposited linearly at the dermoepidermal junction in mucosal and skin biopsy specimens. Indirect immunofluorescence testing confirmed the existence of circulating basement membrane-specific IgG autoantibodies. Using intact and salt-split epithelial substrates, serum IgG were shown to target antigens situated not only at the basal, but also at the lateral and apical aspects of stratum basale keratinocytes. Immunoblotting and ELISA corroborated that the IgG from affected horses, but not those from normal controls, exhibited high immunoreactivity against the NC16A extracellular domain of type XVII collagen (BPAG2, BP180). Equine BP could be proposed, therefore, as another spontaneous model of this most common basement membrane autoimmune dermatosis of humans.     

啤酒营养与保健作用的研究进展

啤酒是以大麦芽、啤酒花、酵母等原料酿造而成的一种低酒度(3%)饮品。啤酒营养丰富,含多种人体必需氨基酸、维生素和微量元素,以及生物活性物质,如多酚和黄酮类化合物等,饮用后对人体的多种生理功能具有调节作用。其药理和保健作用有:防止动脉硬化和心脏病、抑制癌症、促进血液循环、改善免疫机能、抗氧化与抗衰老、促进雌激素分泌、减轻放射线损害、预防白内障、解除肾结石、镇静、活化胃、促进食欲等。     

Effects of land ownership and landscape-level factors on rare-species richness in natural areas of southern Ontario,Canada

Surprisingly few studies have considered the extent to which the nature of the ownership of land is associated with differences in biodiversity. We analysed ownership and other landscape-level effects on rare-species richness for both globally- and regionally-rare biota (including birds, herpetofauna, butterflies, mammals, and plants) in 289 designated natural areas (NAs) in southern Ontario, Canada. Information about each NA −including area, number of plant communities, ownership status and details of species diversity were collected from published sources. Length of perimeter of NA, relative isolation, and an estimate of fragmentation were measured using image analysis and GIS techniques. NAs were in general relatively small, with mean area of 158 ha (median 85 ha, range from 0.9 to 1278 ha) for private NAs; public NAs had mean area of 132 ha (median 16 ha, range from 0.1 to 1481 ha). Mean number of plant communities was 4.6 (median 4, range 1- 13) at private NAs and 3.8 (median 3, range 1-16) at public NAs. Our results show that, of several landscape-level factors, area had the greatest effects on rare-species richness and other biotic indices. Effects of area were followed by effects of plant community diversity, however this was itself significantly affected by area and the extent of perimeter of the NA. Both these factors were followed by effects of ownership of the NA and by effects of isolation of the NA (represented by minimum distance to nearest NA and by number of NAs in 10 km radius). Other landscape- level factors did not appear to have overall significant effects. Variation in area accounted for 0.1% to 29% of variation in number of rare species, with lower values for globally-rare, than for regionally-rare taxa. For all biotic groups, public ownership of NAs was associated with significantly greater rare-species richness compared to private ownership, even after other factors such as area were controlled. For all globally-rare biota except butterflies, area of NA had greater effects on rare-species richness than did ownership. Richness of regionally- rare birds was more affected by plant community diversity than by area of NA. Number of recorded plant communities accounted from 2.1% of variation in number of globally-rare plant species to as high as 31% of variation in regionally-rare butterflies. The diversity of plant communities was itself influenced by total site area (accounting for 45% of variation), extent of elongation of the NA, and both external- and interior- edge perimeters. Public NAs had greatest numbers of rare biota and so should be a significant focus for conservation programs. Smaller, privately-owned patches of natural area dominate (by number and area) in this densely populated region and their significance should not be overlooked. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

森林经营方案编制及实施效果评价的微机辅助系统研究

本文以微型计算机为工具，选用ｄＢＡＳＥⅢ关系型数据库和ＢＡＳＩＣＡ语言，研制了国营林场森林经营方案编制及实施效果评价的辅助系统，并以福建林学院莘口教学林场的森林资源数据试运行．经过运行表明，该系统结构合理、功能较全、性能可靠、科学实用．     

Emergence of anoxia in the California current large marine ecosystem

Eastern boundary current systems are among the world's most productive large marine ecosystems. Because upwelling currents transport nutrient-rich but oxygen-depleted water onto shallow seas, large expanses of productive continental shelves can be vulnerable to the risk of extreme low-oxygen events. Here, we report the novel rise of water-column shelf anoxia in the northern California Current system, a large marine ecosystem with no previous record of such extreme oxygen deficits. The expansion of anoxia highlights the potential for rapid and discontinuous ecosystem change in productive coastal systems that sustain a major portion of the world's fisheries.