鸡,鸭体内传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离及理化性质比较

从疑似传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病鸡及同群饲养的鸭体内各分离到１株病毒，用传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ试验证明两病毒均为ＩＢＤＶ，病毒血清型为Ⅰ型。病毒可致死鸡胚，适应于鸡胚成纤维细胞并产生细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。理化性质比较表明，两病毒为同源ＩＢＤＶ。研究表明，鸭可成为ＩＢＤＶ的携带者或传染源。     

Observation of superflow in solid helium

We report on the observation of nonclassical rotational inertia in solid helium-4 confined to an annular channel in a sample cell under torsional motion, demonstrating superfluid behavior. The effect shows up as a drop in the resonant oscillation period as the sample cell is cooled below 230 millikelvin. Measurement of 17 solid samples allows us to map out the boundary of this superfluid-like solid or supersolid phase from the melting line up to 66 bars. This experiment indicates that superfluid behavior is found in all three phases of matter.     

Simple automated wet digestion of animal tissues for determination of seven elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy

A simple, automated wet digestion procedure was developed for the quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, selenium, and zinc in animal tissue. A commercial digestion block system with automated temperature programming was used. Recoveries of all elements from spiked bovine liver and kidney samples exceed 95%. The analytical results obtained for samples of NBS Bovine Liver (No. 1577a) agree well with certified values. The procedure is safe and requires minimum analyst time.     

鸡霍乱口服弱毒疫苗的研究

用经过选择的禽多杀巴氏杆菌自然弱毒菌株Ｒ１－２３菌株制成的鸡霍乱固体培养口服弱毒疫苗，其安全剂量接近于２００个免疫剂量。该口服苗两次饮水免疫的最适总剂量为每羽５０亿个活菌，最佳间隔时间为４８小时。免疫鸡第二次饮苗后第３天即可产生较好的免疫保护率（７／８）。免疫鸡对异型强毒株Ｐ１０５９（８∶Ａ）、Ｐ２７２３（９∶Ａ）和同型强毒株Ｃ４８－１（５∶Ａ）滴鼻攻击的近期保护率平均为５／１０、６／１０和９／１０。６个月免疫期的平均保护率为７６．７０％（４６／６０），一万多羽鸡田间试验结果表明，免疫后２个月的平均保护率为９３．１０％（２７／２９），６个月的平均保护率为７３．５０％（２５／３４），除对产蛋率有轻度影响（下降１．２７％）外，无其它不良反应。野外大面积使用结果表明，该口服苗不但性能稳定，免疫原性优良，而且安全可靠，适用于鸡口服免疫。     

Pulmonary thromboembolism

Objective – To review the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in small animals. Data Sources – Human and veterinary clinical studies, reviews, texts, and recent research in canine and feline PTE diagnosis and thromboembolic therapeutics. Human Data Synthesis – In humans, clinical probability assessment and point‐of‐care D‐dimer‐based algorithms are widely used. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for PTE diagnosis in humans. Echocardiography is increasingly used for bedside assessment of affected patients. In low‐risk human patients anticoagulants alone are recommended while patients with cardiogenic shock are treated with thrombolytics followed by anticoagulation. Veterinary Data Synthesis – PTE is associated with numerous predisposing conditions causing hypercoagulability, blood flow stasis, or endothelial injury. Identifying at‐risk patients is key to diagnosis in small animals. Thromboelastography provides a method for identifying hypercoagulable patients. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography may replace selective pulmonary angiography as the imaging technique of choice for PTE diagnosis. PTE therapy consists of supportive treatment combined with appropriate, individualized thromboembolic pharmacotherapy for acute treatment and chronic management. Thrombolytic therapy for PTE remains controversial but may be indicated in hemodynamically unstable acute PTE. Thromboprophylaxis in specific conditions is rational although evidence of efficacy is limited. Prognosis depends upon degree of cardiopulmonary compromise and patient response to therapy. Mortality rates in small animals are unknown. Conclusions – New diagnostic techniques and advances in therapy offer significant potential for improvements in the identification and treatment of PTE in small animals. Further study must be directed to validating new diagnostic modalities and evaluating therapeutic regimes.     

Review: The strobilurin fungicides

The original article to which this Correction refers was published in Pest Management Science 58 (7): 649–662 (2002).Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

鸡败血支原体pMGA多基因家族及其免疫逸机制的研究进展

pMGA多基因家族主要编码一类黏附素／血凝素蛋白，存在于鸡败血支原体的细胞表面，其主要功能是促进支原体黏附到宿主细胞上。近年来的相关研究发现，编码pMGA的基因数量从32－70不等，主要转录水平上通过（GAA）n 基序的数量改变引发pMGA基因的选择性转录，造成pMGA的抗原发生变异，从而干扰宿主正常免疫功能的发挥，使支原体对宿主产生严重的免疫逃逸。其中，（GAA）n基序已被证实在pMGA基因表达调控中起重要作用，这一三联体重复基序数目的多少直接影响到pMGA基因的ON／OFF不，本文通过对鸡败血支原体pMGA多基因家分子生物学研究进展浅要综述，以提出pMGA基因可能的转录调控机制，这对研究鸡败血支原体的分子致病机理及其免疫机制大有裨益。