Effects of different application timings of methane fermentation digested liquid to paddy plots on soil nitrogen and rice yield

Treatment of animal and food wastes using a methane fermentation technique is drawing considerable public attention as a suitable option for the utilization of biomass resources. The application of a fermentation byproduct (methane fermentation digested liquid) as an agricultural fertilizer has been investigated. Determining the appropriate timing required for applying digested liquid on a rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy plot is important. The concentrations of soil nitrogen (N) components and rice yield should be considered because digested liquid contains both inorganic and organic N. This study compares the N transformation and the rice yield and growth at different application times over a period of 3 y. The effects of the timing of basal application on soil N were different and the timing that maximized the rice yield was different in each year. Days before ponding (DBP) affected soil N before mid-summer drainage, and rice growth rates at the panicle formation stage and the ear emergence stage. The effects of DBP disappeared before harvest. The results indicated that sufficient potentially mineralizable N existed regardless of DBP, and the effect of DBP lessened after the mid-summer drainage, which coincides with the period when N uptake is most active.     

米根霉直接发酵小麦淀粉废水生产L(+)-乳酸研究

【目的】研究利用米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)As3.866直接发酵小麦淀粉废水生产L(+)-乳酸的最佳条件,为小麦淀粉废水资源化利用提供参考。【方法】以米根霉As3.866为供试菌种,以小麦淀粉废水为发酵培养基直接发酵生产L(+)-乳酸,通过摇瓶发酵培养,依次研究米根霉种龄、接种量、装液量、转速、温度、pH、中和剂种类、CaCO3添加量及添加时间对L(+)-乳酸质量浓度以及米根霉菌丝体生物量和生长状况的影响,确定最佳发酵条件,并在此基础上考察发酵后废水中COD的去除效果。【结果】得到利用米根霉直接发酵小麦淀粉废水的最佳发酵条件:米根霉种龄为18h,接种量为10%,装液量为20%,温度为26℃,pH为5.5,转速为170r/min,发酵8h后添加10g/L的CaCO3,发酵周期为52h。【结论】获得了利用米根霉直接发酵小麦淀粉废水生产L(+)-乳酸的最佳发酵条件,在该条件下,L(+)-乳酸质量浓度可达15.28g/L,废水中COD的去除率达85%。     

两系杂交早稻新组合株两优819高产制种技术

株两优819是湖南亚华种业科学院用株1S与华819配组育成的两系杂交早稻新组合,2005年3月通过湖南省品种审定。介绍了该组合的亲本特性和高产制种技术。     

Spatial variability of bulk soil electrical conductivity in a Malaysian paddy field: key to soil management

On-the-go EC sensor is a useful tool in mapping the apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) to identify areas of contrasting soil properties. In non-saline soils, EC_a is a substitute measurement for soil texture. It is directly related to both water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity (CEC), which are key ingredients of productivity. This sensor measures the EC_a across a field quickly and gives detailed soil features (1-s interval) with few operators. Hence, a dense sampling is possible and therefore a high resolution EC_a map can be produced. This paper presents experiences in acquiring detailed EC_a information that is correlated to other soil properties for precision farming of rice. The study was conducted on a 9 ha rice plot in MARDI Seberang Prai Station, Penang. The VerisEC3100 was pulled across the field in a series of parallel transects spaced about 15 m apart. The study showed that shallow and deep EC_a had high correlation and shallow EC_a had significant correlation to P. Deep EC_a had significant correlation to P, K and yield. Regression equations showed that N and P could be estimated by shallow EC_a but, pH, K and yield were better estimated by deep EC_a. This study was able to draw some basic ideas of nutrient zone management according to precision farming technique.     

LNG接收站储罐罐容及数量的设计计算

LNG储罐是LNG接收站投资费用最高的关键核心设施,前期设计阶段通过静态经验公式合理估算罐容及数量至关重要。LNG储罐数量及罐容的计算方法需要因地制宜,不同的设计公司采用的计算方法不尽相同。选取3种国内外LNG接收站设计公司常用的静态计算方法,对具体设计案例分别进行计算,结果表明:对于不承担调峰,外输相对均匀的LNG接收站或大型LNG接收站后期增罐的情况,采用法国某设计公司的计算方法较为合理;对于市场用气波动较大又兼顾调峰的LNG接收站,采用日本某设计公司和库存量法的计算方法更为合理。最后,针对3种公式的不足,给出了优化的计算公式,并针对不同类型接收站推荐适用的计算方法。     

Wire frame representation of 3D moulded bra cup and its application to example-based design

Fabric or foam sheet moulding is an important manufacturing technique for the apparel industry, in particular for bra production. It is the most economical and convenient method to seamlessly form a garment part into a specified 3D shape. This paper proposes an example-based method for designing moulded bra cups. In this study, a total of 10 typical moulded bra cup specimens were scanned using the Steinbichler Comet white light scanner. Parameterization based remeshing and registration algorithm was used to characterize the 3D shapes of the convex surface of the scanned bra cups. Using an example-based method, virtual master moulds were constructed based on the 3D surfaces of the investigated bra cups after eliminating the style lines and size differences. Then a new bra cup design can be developed from the master mould, either by drawing the style lines in the virtual environment or using scissors to cut the moulded plastic shot along the desired style lines. Different sizes can also be made by grading the wire frame model in 3D manner. The present method will provide a scientific tool for the product development of new bra cups which was conventionally very time-consuming and ineffective.     

基于文化生态学的历史文化名城保护研究——以大理古城为例

我国历史文化名城保护中只注重物质环境的改善,而忽略了文化内涵的建构,以大理古城为例,从文化生态学的视角对历史文化名城保护作了探索性的研究。     

Quantitative dietary lysine requirement of juvenile striped bass Morone saxatilis

Two feeding trials of 8 and 10 weeks each were conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Diets in both experiments contained approximately 420 g crude protein kg^–1 and 13.4 MJ digestible energy (DE) kg^?1. L ‐Lysine‐HCl was added to the basal diet to yield five and six treatments in the two experiments. Diets in the first experiment were determined to contain 9.2, 14.1, 14.6, 19.9 and 21.0 g available lysine kg^?1 on a dry‐matter basis. Diets in the second experiment were determined to contain 14.8, 18.1, 21.3, 24.5, 27.6 and 30.9 g available lysine kg^?1 on a dry‐matter basis. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and apparent nitrogen utilization (ANU) were significantly (P < 0.05) improved by increasing dietary lysine concentrations to approximately 20 g kg^?1 of diet. Least‐squares regression analysis of weight gain and SGR in the first experiment indicated a minimum dietary lysine requirement of 20.1 ± 2 g kg^?1 dry diet. Least‐squares regression analysis of the same criteria measured in the second experiment yielded the following estimates of dietary lysine requirements (g kg^?1 dry diet): 19.8 ± 2.3 for weight gain, 21.7 ± 1.5 for SGR, 23.7 ± 3.5 for FCR and 18.6 ± 1.3 for ANU. From these results the minimum recommended dietary lysine requirement for optimal growth of juvenile striped bass is approximately 21 g kg^?1 dry diet which equates to 49 g kg^?1 dietary protein or 1.57 mg kJ^?1 DE. Although higher than that reported for hybrid striped bass, this requirement level is similar to those reported for many other fish species.     

不同促生长剂对虹鳟生长性能及非特异性免疫机能的影响

研究了不同促生长剂对虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss生长性能及非特异性免疫机能的影响.试验共设5个处理组:A、B组分别在饲料中添加那西肽2 mg/kg和4 mg/kg,c组添加大蒜素15 mg/kg,D组添加黄霉素8 mg/kg,E组为对照组.饲料为膨化饲料,粗蛋白的质量分数为43.05%,粗脂肪为23.02%.每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放80尾鱼,初始体重为(33.78±1.99)g.试验期间,水温为(14.5±2.0)℃,溶氧为(8.9±1.1)mg/L,每天饲喂2次.试验共进行56 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,A、C、D组虹鳟的特定生长率分别提高8.5%、6.9%和8.5%,饵料系数分别降低8.3%、7.5%和2.5%,增重率分别提高13.4%、10.35%和12.62%,鱼体粗蛋白分别提高2.69%、8.58%和2.88%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);添加不同促生长剂,鱼体肾脏中SOD酶活性和肝脏中溶菌酶活性显著上升(P<0.05),肝脏和血浆中SOD酶活性及鳃组织中溶菌酶活性也有不同程度的提高.说明在饲料中添加2mg/kg那西肽、15mg/kg大蒜素和8 mg/kg黄霉素,可以改善虹鳟的生长性能,提高鱼体的免疫活性.     

PASS的制备及其在污水处理中的应用

以Na2SiO4和Al2(SO4)3为原料,采用复合法制备聚合硅酸硫酸铝(PASS):先在碱性条件下制备聚硅酸,然后在酸性条件下制备PASS。将自制的PASS应用于实际废水的处理并与聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行了比较,研究结果表明,所制备的PASS具有优良的絮凝性能,其在除浊、脱色及去除COD等方面较PAC具有更好的絮凝效果,是一种有广阔发展前景的新型高效净水剂。