Hibiscus sabdariffa polyphenolic extract inhibits hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycation-oxidative stress while improving insulin resistance

H. sabdariffa polyphenolic extract (HPE) was demonstrated to inhibit high glucose-stimulated cellular changes. In this study, we analyzed the composition of HPE and used a type 2 diabetic rat model to test its protective effect. At least 18 phenolic compounds were found in HPE. Treatment with HPE reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, especially at the dose of 200 mg/kg. HPE decreased serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and the ratio of low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL). Diabetes promoted plasma advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and lipid peroxidation, while HPE significantly reduced these elevations. Immunohistological observation revealed that HPE inhibited the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor of AGE (RAGE), which was increased in type 2 diabetic aortic regions. Furthermore, HPE recovered the weight loss found in type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, we demonstrated the anti-insulin resistance properties of HPE and its effect on hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, and antioxidation. HPE has the potential to be an adjuvant for diabetic therapy.     

抗菌肽CecropinB对人工感染大肠杆菌雏鸡的治疗效果研究

以1日龄来航蛋雏鸡为试验对象,研究重组抗菌肽CecropinB治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌感染的效果.120只雏鸡分6个组,每组20只,其中不同剂量抗菌肽治疗组又分为口服和肌内注射两个不同的处理,每个处理10只.致死剂量大肠杆菌肌内注射24 h后,肌内注射和口服不同浓度的重组CecropinB抗菌肽,连续治疗5 d.结果表明,重组抗菌肽CecropinB对大肠杆菌病有较好的治疗效果.其中高剂量(0.75 mL)口服组的效果最佳,治愈率达到80%,中剂量(0.5 mL)口服组与高剂量肌内注射组治愈率同为70%.中剂量肌内注射组与环丙沙星组效果一致,治愈率达到60%,低剂量抗菌肽治疗组治疗效果不如上述所有治疗组.与感染对照组相比,所有组别的雏鸡死亡率显著降低.     

宿主细胞磷酸激酶在新城疫病毒感染中的作用

为探讨磷酸化通路在新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）感染中的作用,使用多种蛋白磷酸激酶抑制剂和激活剂预处理细胞,比较处理后NDV在细胞上生长状况的差异。结果显示NDV在PKC蛋白激酶抑制剂处理的细胞上的生长受到抑制,这种抑制作用能够被PKC蛋白激酶激活剂中和,而PKA蛋白激酶抑制剂和p38MAPK蛋白激酶抑制剂对其影响不大。通过PKC蛋白激酶抑制剂的细胞毒性试验证实,这种抑制作用不是由于药物对细胞的毒性或者因药物加入而改变培养基pH值而造成的。病毒在staurosporine处理的细胞上的生长曲线试验显示,浓度在20~200 nmol/L能对病毒感染产生抑制作用,并且药物浓度越高,上清中病毒的滴度相对越低。本研究结果表明PKC磷酸化通路在新城疫病毒的感染过程中发挥了重要作用。     

贵州罗甸水稻霜霉病的发生特点与防治建议

水稻霜霉病又名黄化萎缩病，1890年首次在澳大利亚发现，其后在日本、意大利、美国、印度等国家以及我国的东北、台湾、江苏、广东、山东等省、市相继报道此病发生。2002年以来，在贵州省罗甸县的不同乡镇陆续发现该病，其发生特点是来势猛，传播快，发病面积大，危害重，对当地水稻生产造成极大损失。罗甸县位于贵州省南部，地形结构类似小盆地，终年气候温和，雨量充沛，年平均气温19．6℃，年平均降雨量1100—1300mm，全年无霜期300多天，属于南亚热带季风湿润气候，素有“天然温室”的美称，是西南地区重要的早熟蔬菜基地，也是贵州省重要的水稻种植区之一，种植面积7200hm^2。     

Chlamydia psittaci: a suspected cause of reproductive loss in three Victorian horses

Chlamydia psittaci was detected by PCR in the lung and equine foetal membranes of two aborted equine foetuses and one weak foal from two different studs in Victoria, Australia. The abortions occurred in September 2019 in two mares sharing a paddock northeast of Melbourne. The weak foal was born in October 2019 in a similar geographical region and died soon after birth despite receiving veterinary care. The detection of C. psittaci DNA in the lung and equine foetal membranes of the aborted or weak foals and the absence of any other factors that are commonly associated with abortion or neonatal death suggest that this pathogen may be the cause of the reproductive loss. The detection of C. psittaci in these cases is consistent with the recent detection of C. psittaci in association with equine abortion in New South Wales. These cases in Victoria show that C. psittaci, and the zoonotic risk it poses, should be considered in association with equine reproductive loss in other areas of Australia.     

SnakeMap: four years of experience with a national small animal snake envenomation registry

SnakeMap is a national cloud-based, veterinary snakebite registry. It was designed to prospectively collect data of the clinical circumstances and temporospatial information on cases of snake envenomation in dogs and cats. We herein introduce the project and summarise the data from the first 4 years of SnakeMap. The registry is a veterinary community-based online database allowing case entry from veterinary hospitals across Australia. Registry data comprise hospital characteristics, patient characteristics, envenoming snake type, treatment and outcome variables, including time and geolocation of the snake bite. We present summative information on select key variables from the SnakeMap registry (1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019). Twenty-eight hospitals from 6 states/territories entered 624 cases into the registry, including 419 dogs (67%) and 205 cats (33%). Bite time was available in 216 animals of which 90 (42%) were reported to be bitten in the 3 hours between 03:00 pm and 05:59 pm; median bite to presentation interval was 60 (interquartile range [IQR] 30, 211) minutes in dogs and 95 (IQR 41, 238) minutes in cats. Bites occurred in the owner's yard in 356 dogs (85%) and 53 cats (26%). A snake venom detection kit was used in 172 cases (28%) and antivenom was administered in 523 cases (85%). Most animals (n = 534, 88%) survived to discharge (median hospitalisation of 25 [IQR 16, 62] hours). SnakeMap effectively collects relevant clinical data from dogs and cats with presumed snake bite and provides locally specific information on the epidemiology of snake envenomation in small animals.     

Accuracy of selected neurological clinical tests in diagnosing MRI-detectable forebrain lesion in dogs

This retrospective case study aims to evaluate the accuracy of menace response, response to nasal stimulation and proprioceptive placing in diagnosing forebrain lesion in dogs. A total of 145 client-owned dogs investigated by magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain between December 2017 and June 2019 were evaluated. Seventy-one dogs with no magnetic resonance imaging-detectable intracranial and significant cerebrospinal fluid abnormality or recent history of seizure (<48 h) served as controls. Binary regression analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios of each selected test. Older age at presentation was a significant risk factor for the presence of a forebrain lesion. Menace (62.5%) and proprioceptive deficits (40.5%) were common findings in all dogs. They were also significantly associated with the presence of forebrain abnormality. Moreover, they were more sensitive (77.3% and 82.2%, respectively) and specific (50.0% and 62.5%, respectively) when applied to dogs aged 6 years or older. Nonetheless, all of these tests' likelihood ratios, and thus reliability are poor. These neurological tests are commonly employed for diagnosing forebrain disease in dogs, yet are not highly accurate in diagnosing forebrain abnormality. Clinicians should interpret these clinical test results along with the patient history when designing a diagnostic plan.     

森林经营方案编制及实施效果评价的微机辅助系统研究

本文以微型计算机为工具，选用ｄＢＡＳＥⅢ关系型数据库和ＢＡＳＩＣＡ语言，研制了国营林场森林经营方案编制及实施效果评价的辅助系统，并以福建林学院莘口教学林场的森林资源数据试运行．经过运行表明，该系统结构合理、功能较全、性能可靠、科学实用．     

Anti-inflammatory effect of partial liquid ventilation on acute lung injury

AIM:To investigate the anti-inflammatory e ffect of partial liquid ventilation in the piglets with lung lavage-induced acut e lung injury.METHODS:16 piglets were treated by lung lavage to a partial pre ssure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) below 100 mmHg for one hour and rando mly divided into mechanical ventilation group (MV group) and partial liquid vent ilation group (PLV group).Blood-gas analysis,hemodynamics,the contents of TNF-α,MD A,SOD,and MPO activity in lung tissue were measured.RESULTS:(1) Lung W/D,PPI and the count of WBC in the BALF in P LV group were significantly lower than those in MV group.The contents of MDA an d MPO in lung tissue in PLV group were significantly lower than those in MV grou p.However,no evident difference in SOD activity in lung tissue between two gro ups was observed.(2) The contents of TNF-α in lung tissue in PLV group were si gnificantly lower than those in MV group.CONCLUSION:Partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon has anti-inflammatory effect on lung lavage-induced acute lung injury in the piglets .     

Effects of different application timings of methane fermentation digested liquid to paddy plots on soil nitrogen and rice yield

Treatment of animal and food wastes using a methane fermentation technique is drawing considerable public attention as a suitable option for the utilization of biomass resources. The application of a fermentation byproduct (methane fermentation digested liquid) as an agricultural fertilizer has been investigated. Determining the appropriate timing required for applying digested liquid on a rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy plot is important. The concentrations of soil nitrogen (N) components and rice yield should be considered because digested liquid contains both inorganic and organic N. This study compares the N transformation and the rice yield and growth at different application times over a period of 3 y. The effects of the timing of basal application on soil N were different and the timing that maximized the rice yield was different in each year. Days before ponding (DBP) affected soil N before mid-summer drainage, and rice growth rates at the panicle formation stage and the ear emergence stage. The effects of DBP disappeared before harvest. The results indicated that sufficient potentially mineralizable N existed regardless of DBP, and the effect of DBP lessened after the mid-summer drainage, which coincides with the period when N uptake is most active.