新形势下加快推进广西农垦农业产业化的思考

当前,广西农垦已进入工业化、城镇化发展中同步推进农业现代化的关键阶段,而做大做强做优龙头企业,加快推进农业产业化经营,促进现代农业和农业现代化发展,是“充分发挥广西农垦龙头带动作用”的重要途径,文章阐述了广西农垦农业产业化经营的成效、存在的问题,提出了基本思路及对策建议,以期为加快推进垦区农业产业化发展提供参考.     

基于CLUE-S模型的湟水流域土地利用空间分布模拟

基于CLUE-S模型,以青海湟水流域为研究区,分别利用1987年和1996年两期土地利用数据,运用逻辑斯蒂逐步回归方法选择自然和社会经济等18种驱动因子,对湟水流域2007年土地利用空间分布格局进行模拟.在此基础上,构建流域2008-2027年土地利用变化的4种不同情景,并模拟了4种情景下2027年土地利用空间分布格局.研究结果表明:(1)两期模拟总体精度分别达到了88.31％和89.96％,4种Kappa指数均大于0.82,表明CLUE-S模型在湟水流域具有良好的土地利用模拟能力.(2)流域2008-2027年不同情景下,城乡居住建设用地在4种情景下均表现为明显增加,主要沿湟水河谷区域扩展,而3种退耕情景下的坡耕地空间格局模拟结果存在着明显的空间差异,从情景二、情景三到情景四,流域内坡耕地范围逐步减小,林地、草地面积范围增大,退耕部分主要分布在流域东部、西部和北部:东部地区退耕的范围主要是集中在乐都县和民和县;北部地区退耕的范围主要是集中在大通县县城北部;西部地区退耕范围则主要在湟源县县城西北部的湟水河两岸.研究结论可为湟水流域未来土地利用管理、规划及政策的制定等提供参考依据和决策支持.     

Role of canonical transient receptor potential and inflammation in left ventricular fibrosis induced by high salt in Wistar rats

AIM:To explore the role of transient receptor potential channels subfamily C (TRPCs) and inflammation in left ventricular fibrosis induced by high salt and the effect of telmisartan. METHODS:Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control (C) group (n=13), high salt (8%) model group (HS, n=24) and high salt+telmisartan (T) group (n=12). Tail-cuff artery pressure was determined every 2 weeks. The interstitial collagen deposition and inflammation were observed by Masson and HE staining, respectively. The expression of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC6, calcineurin (CaN), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were determined by real-time PCR or Western blotting. RESULTS:Masson staining showed that left ventricle in HS group exhibited severer myocardial interstitial fibrosis compared with C group. TRPC, CaN and NF-κB assays showed that high-salt diet increased the protein expression of TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC6, and activated CaN and NF-κB as compared with C group. The results of HE staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that high salt-treated Wistar rats had enhanced cardiac infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as increased cardiac levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MCP-1) as compared with C group. After treated with telmisartan, left ventricular mass index and collagen volume fraction became much lower, and the levels of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC6, CaN, NF-κB p65, TGF-β1, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is exacerbated in left ventricular fibrosis induced by high salt. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of TRPCs, CaN and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels. Telmisartan inhibits the expression of TRPCs and NF-κB, and ameliorates the inflammatory responses in left ventricular fibrosis.     

Isolation, structure characterization, and immunomodulating activity of a hyperbranched polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense

A polysaccharide (GSP-6B) with a molecular mass of 1.86 × 10? Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense . Chemical composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted to elucidate its structure. GSP-6B contains a backbone of (1→6)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, bearing branches at the O-3 position of every two sugar residues along the backbone. The side chains contain (1→4)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, (1→3)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, and nonreducing end β-D-glucopyranosyl residues. An in vitro immunomodulating activity assay revealed that GSP-6B could significantly induce the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and showed no toxicity to either PBMC or a human macrophage cell line THP-1. GSP-6B could also activate dendritic cells (DC) by stimulating the secretion of IL-12 and IL-10 from DC.     

农业机械化对社会主义新农村建设的影响

农业机械现代化是实现社会主义农业现代化和新农村建设的重要前提。我国当前的农机化受到中央的高度重视,加速了社会主义新农村进程的建设。但在农机化过程中也出现了一些新的问题和挑战。文章试图从农业机械化管理方面提出一些解决办法和改进措施。     

Epidemiological survey for Brucella in wildlife and stray dogs, a cat and rodents captured on farms

Brucella infections in wildlife originate either from contact with infected livestock or from a natural sustainable reservoir in wildlife populations. As South Korea has set a goal of brucellosis eradication by 2013, it is necessary to determine the prevalence of Brucella in wildlife and wild rodents. This information will play an important role in the control of brucellosis. Because of the absence of prominent clinical signs, direct and indirect laboratory tests are essential for diagnosing brucellosis. In this study, tissue and blood samples were taken from wild animals, abandoned dogs, a cat and wild rodents, and they were tested for Brucella or Brucella-specific antibodies by isolation, PCR and serology. Results showed that 18.6% (33/177) of blood samples were positive by PCR, and 5.7% (11/194) were positive by C-ELISA. However, none of these samples yielded culturable bacteria. Of the tissue samples, 9.7% (8/82) were positive by PCR. Brucella was isolated from only one tissue culture from a Chinese water deer carcass. This Brucella species was identified as Brucella abortus biovar 1 by biotyping, 16S rRNA PCR and the Bruce-ladder PCR assay. In this study, we reported the prevalence of Brucella in wildlife, dogs, a cat and rodents by using serological and molecular methods, and we report the first isolation of B. abortus in wild Chinese water deer in South Korea.     

Early Pregnancy Detection of Iraqi Riverine Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Using the BioPRYN Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for PSPB and the Progesterone Assay

This study was undertaken to detect pregnancy in Iraqi riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) using three different methods (rectal palpation, plasma progesterone concentration and detection of the presence of pregnancy‐specific protein B (PSPB) with the BioPRYN^® enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The aim of the study was to identify the most sensitive, early and accurate method for detecting pregnancy. Twenty‐two female riverine buffalo that were 6.0 ± 0.93 years old were used. Four blood samples per buffalo were taken via jugular venipuncture at days 22–24, 32–34, 42–44 and 58–61 post‐mating (PM) to measure the progesterone concentration (ng/ml) and to detect the presence of plasma PSPB. The rectal palpation method was employed to evaluate all buffalo on days 42–44 and 58–61 PM. The BioPRYN^® test differed (p < 0.01) from the other tests with earlier accuracy for detecting pregnant and non‐pregnant buffalo. Eighty‐eight percent of pregnant and 76.9% of non‐pregnant buffalo were distinguished early (days 22–24 PM) using BioPRYN^® and plasma PSPB‐ELISA level (2.09 ± 0.12 ng/ml) in relation to 66.7% and 53.9% detected using the progesterone assay at similar days (4.30 ± 0.40 ng/ml). In conclusion, these results described, for the first time, the early and accurate pregnancy detection of water riverine buffalo using BioPRYN^® technology and provided the plasma levels of PSPB using an ELISA test. These findings will improve the reproductive and productive efficiency of Iraqi riverine buffalo by adapting the recent management and reproductive strategies in Iraq and in the world.     

Effect of the Medium Replacement Interval on the Viability,Growth and In Vitro Maturation of Isolated Caprine and Ovine Pre‐Antral Follicles

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different medium replacement intervals on the viability, antral cavity formation, growth and in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes from caprine and ovine pre‐antral follicles. Pre‐antral ovarian follicles (≥150 μm) were isolated from the ovarian cortex of goats and sheep and were individually cultured for 24 days using two different medium replacement intervals [2 days (T₁) or 6 days (T₂)]. Follicle development was evaluated on the basis of antral cavity formation, increases in follicular diameter and the presence of healthy cumulus oocyte complexes and fully grown oocytes. For caprine species, results showed a higher percentage (p < 0.05) of viable follicles in T₁ than T₂ from day 6 until the end of the culture. In addition, when comparing both treatments after the same culture duration, the rate of antrum formation was significantly higher in T₁ than in T₂ from day 12 onwards. Yet, in ovines, when both treatments were compared on day 24 of the culture, there were more viable follicles in T₂ than in T₁ (p < 0.05). In the caprine species, percentages of fully grown oocytes (≥110 μm) acceptable for IVM after 24 days of culture were significantly higher in normal follicles cultured in T₁ (30.0%) than in T₂ (6.7%; p < 0.05). On the other hand, in ovines, at the end of the culture, the percentage of oocytes destined for IVM was higher in T₂ than in T₁ (23.5% vs 2.9%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, under the same conditions, the frequency of medium replacement significantly affected the in vitro development of caprine and ovine pre‐antral follicles. To improve the efficiency of the culture system, the medium must be replaced every 2 and 6 days for goat and sheep pre‐antral follicles, respectively.     

Simultaneous determination of orysastrobin and its isomers in rice using HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS

Orysastrobin is a new strobilurin-type fungicide to control leaf and panicle blast and sheath blight in rice. An analytical method was developed to determine the residues of orysastrobin and its two isomers, the main metabolite F001 and the major impurity F033, in hulled rice by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet photometry (HPLC-UV) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). All compounds were extracted with acetone from hulled rice samples. The extract was diluted with saline water, and an extraction step using dichloromethane/n-hexane partition was used to recover analytes from the aqueous phase. An n-hexane/acetonitrile partition and Florisil column chromatography were employed to further remove interfering coextractives prior to instrumental analysis. An octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to identify orysastrobin and its isomers in sample extracts. Net recovery rates of orysastrobin, F001, and F033 from fortified samples ranged from 80.6 to 114.8% using HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS. Relative standard deviations for the analytical methods were all <20%, and the quantification limits of the method were in the 0.002-0.02 mg/kg range. The proposed methods were reproducible and sufficiently accurate to evaluate the terminal residue of orysastrobin and its isomers in rice.     

Strategy for the treatment of puerperal metritis and improvement of reproductive efficiency in cows with retained placenta

The objective of this study was to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows with puerperal metritis (PM) subsequent to retained placenta (RP) using a two-step treatment strategy. A total of 188 postpartum cows, aged from 2 to 8 years, were utilised for 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, cows affected with RP/PM were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Cows in Group A (n = 17) were treated with 600 mg of ceftiofur intramuscularly for 3 days followed by intrauterine lavage with 0.1% chlorhexidine and infusion with 0.5% povidoneiodine, while cows in Group B (n = 16) received two intrauterine infusions, first with 5 g of oxytetracycline and then with 0.5% povidone-iodine. Cows with normal postpartum findings were regarded as the healthy control group (n = 26). Ultrasonographic examination revealed that the ovarian activities including the appearance of a dominant follicle and days to first ovulation of the cows in Group A during the early postpartum period differed from those of Group B (P < 0.05), which coincided with the results of uterine swabbing for bacteriology. In Experiment 2, cows with normal postpartum findings were allocated to Group D (n = 78), which received an ovulation protocol (GnRH - 7 d PGF2α - 48 h hCG - 24 h AI) on day 50 ± 2 postpartum. Cows affected with PM were randomly divided into two groups, Group E (n = 25) combined the treatments applied in Groups A and D, while Group F (n = 26) repeated the treatment administered in Group E except for uterine lavage. The results indicated that the pregnancy rate within 150 days postpartum and the mean days open in Group E (76.0% and 106.3 ± 4.6 days, respectively) were significantly different from those in Group F (38.5% and 137.9 ± 10.9 days, respectively) (P < 0.05). This study suggests that reproductive efficiency could be improved by using the two-step treatment to regulate uterine involution and an early resumption of ovarian function in cows with RP/PM.