Acid–Base Changes in Canine Neonates Following Normal Birth or Dystocia

There are limited data concerning blood gas parameters in neonatal dogs. Knowledge of the normal physiology may facilitate effective therapeutic intervention and potentially reduce neonatal mortality. This study examined acid–base parameters in pups born at normal parturition (n = 27) compared with those born after obstetrical assistance or caesarean operation (n = 13) and those born following oxytocin (OXY) administration for treatment of uterine inertia (n = 11). Pups were subjected to an objective scoring method of neonatal health adapted from use in humans (the Apgar score) at birth and again at 5 and 60 min after birth. Venous blood samples were collected at 5 and 60 min after birth for evaluation of blood gas parameters. At birth, all pups had low Apgar scores and a mixed acidosis. The base excess was lowest for pups delivered after OXY administration. The Apgar score improved for all pups after 5 min of birth and there was an improvement in carbon dioxide tension, base excess and venous blood pH at 1 h, although in all pups a metabolic acidosis persisted. These data provide an important insight into neonatal physiology and the variability of blood gas parameters in pups born at normal and abnormal parturition and provide the basis for clinical decision making following dystocia.     

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Zinc Gluconate Associated with Dimethyl Sulphoxide for Sexually Mature Canine Males Chemical Neutering

The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of zinc gluconate associated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for chemical neutering in canine males. Fifteen sexually mature male dogs were divided in two groups, named control and treated. An injection was administered to both testicles, at a concentration of 26.2 mg zinc gluconate per ml and 0.5% DMSO in the treated group (11 dogs). The control group was given injections of saline solution (four dogs). Clinical examination and blood collection for a haemogram were done both before and after drug injection. There were 12 spermograms performed to analyse sperm motility, sperm vigour, ejaculate volume, testicle size, pathology and sperm concentrations. Libido was also measured. An ultrasound examination and histopathology were performed at the end of the experiment. Dogs’ libido after chemical injection was reduced by over 50%. The spermogram analysis showed final mean results of 14.54% for sperm motility, 0.72 of sperm vigour and 37 150 per million spermatozoa per millilitre, values considered below the necessary levels at which fertilization can occur. Ultrasound and histopathology analyses of testicles for the treated group revealed more intense injuries when compared with the control group, with compromised testicular parenchyma and a decrease of germ cell number leading to total atrophy, indicating that the treatment reduced the fertilizing potential of male dogs, promoting a possible subfertile status.     

西藏玛旁雍错流域湖泊面积变化及成因分析

利用1975年地形图、1990年、1999-2009年TM卫星遥感影像和近35 a(1975-2009年)气温、降水、积雪日数、蒸发量等气候资料,分析研究了位于西藏阿里地区南部普兰县境内玛旁雍错、拉昂错湖泊面积变化对气候变化的响应。结果表明：在过去35 a里玛旁雍错、拉昂错面积先减少后增加,总体呈减小趋势,到2009年玛旁雍错面积为415.44 km²,拉昂错面积为261.36 km²。与1975年相比2个湖泊面积分别减少了1.56 km²和11.01 km²;受气候变暖的影响,流域附近的冰川面积也在加速退缩。对1975-2009年普兰县气象资料统计分析可知,降水量减少是导致湖泊面积缩小的主要原因,蒸发量不显著的增加及雪冰消融也是近几年湖泊面积波动变化的原因之一。     

基于K-means聚类和图像分割的紫色土发生层边界识别

土壤学始于对土壤剖面及其形态特征的观察,剖面发生层的划分与发生层边界特征的描述是土壤调查的基础。实地划分发生层需要丰富的土壤学实践经验,存在主观和缺乏统一划分标准的问题。以紫色土剖面图像为研究对象,采用K-means聚类和图像分割技术,结合图像的颜色特征（CIE Lab色彩空间）和纹理特征（Entropy）识别紫色土剖面发生层边界,并与实地划分的结果进行比较。结果表明：（1）CIE Lab色彩空间的a、b通道和Entropy纹理特征,可以划分出供试剖面的主要发生层（A、B、C）和基岩（R）;（2）聚类识别的发生层数量和发生层深度与实地识别的结果基本一致;除Z2剖面的C层和Z6剖面的Ap层聚类识别与实地识别的发生层下边界深度相差较大（分别为13 cm和8 cm）外,其余发生层下边界深度相差均在3 cm以内;（3）聚类识别的发生层边界形状更为不规则,明显度更为模糊。K-means聚类和图像分割技术实现了紫色土剖面发生层边界的客观识别,可为土壤剖面智能辨识系统的开发提供科学参考。     

鹿茸X型胶原基因的全长cDNA克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,从鹿茸软骨细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了梅花鹿X型胶原（collagen X,colX）全长cDNA序列,并进行了序列特性分析。序列分析结果表明,梅花鹿colX全长cDNA序列为3135nt,其中5′非编码区96nt、3′非编码区1014nt和2022nt的开放阅读框编码674个氨基酸的鹿colX前体蛋白,与牛、猪、犬、人类和小鼠等脊椎动物colX氨基酸序列之间的同源性超过82%。按该基因氨基酸序列构建了进化树,揭示其与牛基因更加同源。     

花生部分根系干燥对干旱胁迫的缓解效应

本研究基于植物旱生原理,对花生植株进行部分根系干燥（PRD）刺激,以期调节花生旱生反应,增强植 株后期对干旱胁迫的防御能力。采用隔板（P1）、分容器（P2）和凡士林（P3）3种分根方法,将根系分为两侧根区并进 行4轮根区交替灌溉,一侧根区保持40%田间持水量,另一侧根区正常浇水（75%田间持水量）,研究PRD诱导的花 生旱生反应相关生理指标的变化。结果表明：与对照相比,3种PRD处理根冠比均增加,叶片细胞溶质浓度值CFT增 加,ΔCFT分别为43.1（P1）、65.1（P2）和49.6（P3）osmol∙m-3,水势和渗透势降低,膨压显著增大;O2·-含量增加2~3倍, 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著增加并在复水后保持较高的活性;PRD缩短离体叶片气孔关闭时间,延长水分蒸发 时间,复水后光合势能增强,叶片和根系中Gdi-15 基因表达增强2~7倍。为进一步研究PRD预处理对干旱胁迫的 缓解作用,以凡士林分根法进行PRD预处理的干旱试验,设3个处理：正常浇水（Control,75%田间持水量）、干旱胁 迫（D,35%田间持水量）和PRD预处理的干旱胁迫（DP）,分析比较各处理间生理指标的变化。结果表明：与D处理 相比,DP处理叶片相对含水量由51.68%增加到61.07%,脯氨酸含量由4328.72μg g-1FW减少到2104.50 μg∙g-1FW, MDA和O2·-含量均降低,POD活性由592.46降低到217.68 U∙g-1FW。3种PRD处理方式都能诱导花生植株产生旱生 反应,以凡士林法效果最佳。PRD预处理可对植株进行干旱驯化,使植株再次感知干旱胁迫时表现迅速的生理防 御和快速的生理恢复能力。     

西藏主要农区农田土壤肥力状况研究

西藏由于其特殊的地理位置、气候类型和地质历史以及耕作习惯,使其具有特殊的土壤特征。在2002~2004年间,我们对西藏主要农业区的林芝、拉萨、日喀则、山南等4地(市)的农田土壤进行了采样分析,分析结果显示:4地(市)农田土壤酸碱性由弱酸性至弱碱性(pH6.5~9.0);养分的基本状况是有机质含量在5~50g/kg之间,变幅较大,N素少(全N0.2~2g/kg,速效N20~80mg/kg),P素缺(全P0.22~1.42g/kg,速效P1~133mg/kg),K素(全K1.9~12.2g/kg,速效K80~1290mg/kg)和微量元素比较丰富(Cu10~443mg/kg,Zn47~266mg/kg,Fe1880~7550mg/kg,Mo0.2~6.6mg/kg,Mn196~736mg/kg,B0.5~138mg/kg)。     

重庆市紫色土系统分类高级单元划分研究

依据中国土壤系统分类的原则和方法,对重庆市境内的41个紫色土典型剖面进行鉴别、检索和分类定名,并与其发生分类进行参比。结果表明,41个紫色土典型剖面分别被划归为4个土纲(人为土、淋溶土、雏形土和新成土)、6个亚纲、12个土类和19个亚类等系统分类高级单元,被划归为雏形土土纲的剖面最多,其次为新成土土纲,仅有9个剖面被划归为紫色湿润雏形土或紫色正常新成土;雏形土土纲和新成土土纲均分别对应紫色土发生分类的3个亚类(酸性紫色土、中性紫色土和石灰性紫色土),而淋溶土土纲则仅与酸性紫色土1个亚类相对应;地形、海拔、母岩和人为活动与紫色土的土壤水分状况、剖面发育、颜色以及其他理化性质等关系密切,是影响重庆市紫色土系统分类高级单元划分的重要因素;针对多数紫色土个体达不到紫色砂、页岩岩性特征的色调标准以及铁质湿润雏形土的下设亚类不能充分反映紫色土属性(如石灰性、酸性等)差异等问题,建议适当放宽紫色砂、页岩岩性特征的颜色要求或增设石灰铁质湿润雏形土和酸性铁质湿润雏形土2个亚类。     

修复后临汾湿地公园土壤养分状况及沉积物污染特征

为探究汾河临汾段湿地土壤及沉积物的理化性质、养分含量,评价土壤状况、预测水体的生态环境质量。共采集98个土壤及沉积物样本,分析了理化性质及养分等11项指标。结果表明:土壤pH在7.0~8.4,容重在1.04~1.44 g/cm^3,含水率在5.9%~17.5%,电导率在0.167~0.747 mS/cm,质地类型包括壤黏土和黏壤土;有机质、全氮、全磷含量分别为8.7~39.8,0.354~1.046,0.389~1.444 g/kg,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为12.9~50.3,2.6~31.2,86.4~329.2 mg/kg。经相关性分析可知,土壤各指标与物理性质相关性较强;沉积物各指标与质地显著相关,且有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾两两相关;养分评价中,有机质、全磷、速效磷处于4级水平,全氮在3~6级均有分布,碱解氮分布在5,6级,速效钾分布在2,3级;沉积物在有机污染评价中表现中度污染,综合污染评价表现重度污染。