天水106份冬小麦品种（系）Yr18基因和1BL/1RS易位的分子检测

选用与Yr18基因和1BL/1RS易位系紧密连锁的SCAR和STS标记,对天水106份供试冬小麦育成品种(系)Yr18基因、1BL/1RS易位系的分布情况进行分子检测。结果表明,106份材料中,有2份材料检测到Yr18基因,有55份材料检测到1BL/1RS易位系,分别占被检测材料的1.89%、51.89%。对目前流行条锈菌小种有良好抗性且表现慢锈性的Yr18基因在甘肃天水小麦育种中的利用率较低,而1BL/1RS易位系的利用率仍然较高。品系15-16H307和07-144-2-1-1-1同时检测到1BL/1RS易位系和Yr18基因,建议在甘肃天水小麦抗条锈病育种中合理应用。     

凤庆茶叶种植与混林茶园生态系统研究

中国云南是世界茶树的原产地,而云南省凤庆县又是滇红的诞生地,具有悠久的茶树栽培种植历史,其混林茶园生态系统也具有较高的研究价值。本文通过对其茶叶种植史和混林茶园生态系统进行梳理和研究,厘清凤庆县茶叶种植的历史发展脉络,挖掘凤庆混林茶园生态系统的优势及其应用价值。     

日本煎茶的生活美学

散茶在日本称为“煎茶”,和日常生活有着非常密切的关系。本文从生活美学角度探讨了日本人对散茶的感官审美、文人煎茶的审美情趣和生活饮茶促进和美的社会功能,展现了日本饮茶文化的一些特点。     

Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes From Leuctridae (Plecoptera: Nemouroidea): Implications for the Phylogenetic Relationships Among Stoneflies

The family-level relationships within Plecoptera have been a focused area of research for a long time. Its higher classification remains unstable, and the phylogenetic relationships within Plecoptera should be re-examined. Here, we sequenced and analyzed two complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Paraleuctra cercia and Perlomyia isobeae of the family Leuctridae. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Plecoptera based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) from published stoneflies. Our results showed that the Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood tree had similar topological structures except for the positions of two families, Peltoperlidae and Scopuridae. The Plecoptera is divided into two clades, the suborder Antarctoperlaria and the suborder Arctoperlaria. The two suborders subsequently formed two groups, Eusthenioidea and Gripopterygoidea, and Euholognatha and Systellognatha, which is consistent with the results of morphological studies. In addition, the Leuctridae is the earliest branch within the superfamily Nemouroidea. But the monophyly of Perloidea and Pteronarcyoidea are still not well supported.     

谷子杂交种与常规种光合和叶绿素荧光特性的比较

为了明确杂交谷的光合优势是否是其产量高于常规谷的一大主因,本研究于2013年对常规谷晋谷21号和杂交谷张杂谷5号的光合和叶绿素荧光特性进行比较。采用完全随机设计,每个品种种植5个小区,在拔节期和灌浆期分别测定各项光合指标。结果表明,在拔节期,张杂谷5号的净光合速率、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量显著高于晋谷21号;但在灌浆期,张杂谷5号和晋谷21号之间的总叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量、光化学淬灭参数和非光化学淬灭参数都存在显著差异。总体杂交谷在拔节期和灌浆期的光合性能高于常规谷。     

叶面喷施不同浓度ALA对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响

为了探讨叶面喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)在黄瓜苗期的施用浓度和效果,以黄瓜品种津春4号3叶1心期的幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度ALA对黄瓜幼苗叶片光合色素含量和抗氧化酶系统的影响。试验结果表明,叶面喷施10、30、50 mg/L的ALA可明显提高黄瓜叶片叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量,降低Chl a/b比值;显著增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量;降低超氧阴离子(O2-·)生成速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;当ALA浓度达100 mg/L时,黄瓜幼苗受到一定的氧化胁迫伤害。这些结果说明,喷施浓度不超过100 mg/L ALA可促进黄瓜幼苗叶片光合色素的合成、增加其抗氧化能力,降低膜脂过氧化的程度,综合各项指标,以30 mg/L的ALA叶面喷施浓度在黄瓜幼苗上效果最佳。     

MeJA regulates enzymes involved in ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism and improves chilling tolerance in loquat fruit

This study investigated the regulation of ascorbate acid (AsA) and glutathione metabolism and chilling tolerance by methyl jamonate (MeJA) in loquat fruit. The results showed that application of MeJA to loquat fruit inhibited the incidence of chilling injury manifested as internal browning (IB) and increased AsA and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents due to the inhibition of ascorbate oxidase activity and enhancement of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities. Meanwhile, MeJA also enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Our results suggested that MeJA can regulate the ascorbate and glutathione metabolism and has important roles in alleviating oxidative damage and enhancing chilling tolerance in loquat fruit.     

七星瓢虫引诱剂防治棉花蚜虫的应用效果

为了有效保护利用自然天敌对棉蚜进行生物控制,利用七星瓢虫引诱剂对七星瓢虫等天敌进行诱集。试验结果表明:七星瓢虫引诱剂处理棉田七星瓢虫数量明显高于对照,蚜虫数量明显低于对照,能够很好地诱集瓢虫,并对棉花蚜虫进行有效生物控制;而且七星瓢虫引诱剂对棉花有一定的增产作用。     

Variation of Color and Ray Pattern in Juvenile Shells in Hatchery‐produced Freshwater Triangle Pearl Mussels,Hyriopsis cumingii,in China

The variation and inheritance of juvenile shell color and pigmentation pattern in the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, were reported in 1‐yr‐old progeny of eight families. There were three distinctive phenotypes of shell color and pigmentation patterns observed, including a greenish‐brown shell with radial rays, yellowish‐brown shell with radial rays, and yellowish‐brown shell without radial rays. There were no greenish‐brown individuals without radial rays. The shell color phenotypes showed variation with the growth in juvenile Stage I (1–3 cm in shell length), and the percentage of individuals with radial rays increased once they reached a shell length of 11 mm and then stabilized after reaching 20 mm in shell length. Shell color differentiation became more apparent at a shell length of 26 mm. Results of chi‐square tests of the segregation ratio of shell color or ray phenotypes obtained from eight families at juvenile Stage II (6–9 cm in shell length) suggested that greenish‐brown is controlled by a dominant allele (G) and yellowish‐brown‐shell phenotype is by a recessive allele (y); the ray pattern phenotype is controlled by a recessive (r) and a dominant allele (R) at a single locus. Shell color phenotypes may be a useful genetic marker for future selective breeding of triangle pearl mussels.