鸡源嗜酸乳扞菌的筛选

试验从健康雏鸡嗉囊、小肠、盲肠等部位分离到12株乳酸菌,通过试验筛选出了1株乳酸菌,初步鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌,并对其耐酸、抑菌生物学特性进行初步研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌具有强耐酸性和黏附性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑菌作用。     

Characteristics of Dorsal Lingual Papillae of the Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)

The morphology of dorsal lingual papillae of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) was studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Filiform and lenticular papillae were considered as mechanical papillae but fungiform and vallate papillae were considered as gustatory papillae. Filiform papillae were distributed mostly in the anterior two-thirds region of the tongue. Each filiform papilla consisted of one primary papilla and a few smaller secondary papillae. Lenticular papillae were distributed on the torus linguae. The larger papillae were arranged in two parallel lines medially whereas the smaller papillae were laterally located. Most of the fungiform papillae were found on the lateral margins of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. These papillae were small and round. Intra-epithelial taste buds were located on the dorsal surface of each papilla. The vallate papillae were arranged in two rows on each rim of the torus linguae. Each round- and flat-shaped vallate papilla was surrounded by a prominent gustatory groove and an annular pad. A few taste buds were observed in the lateral epithelium of the papillae. The keratinization of the covering stratified squamous epithelium of the mechanical lingual papillae was relatively thicker than those of the gustatory papillae. The lingual papillae of the Bactrian camel exhibited some different characteristics from other domestic ruminants. These morphological characteristics of the tongue of the Bactrian camel might have evolved to assist the camel in prehension and manipulating of the inorganic stiff plants that grow in its environment and therefore might relate to the feed and feeding habits of the animal.     

纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊及胎儿的生物学效应

为研究纳米硒对岢岚绒山羊妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力、抗氧化性和生长发育的影响,选择体重相近的岢岚妊娠绒山羊80只,随机分为2组,分别喂以基础日粮(C组)和添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒的饲粮(Se组),实验期110d。结果表明:妊娠期绒山羊日粮中添加硒后,血液中淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞的百分比显著提高(p<0.05),异型淋巴细胞百分比显著降低(p<0.05),血清中血清球蛋白(GLO)、免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM显著提高(p<0.05);日粮中纳米硒的添加极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿血清中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)提高了母羊及胎儿肝、胎盘组织中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,极显著(p<0.01)降低了母羊及胎儿血清与胎盘组织中MDA的浓度;在日粮中添加纳米硒后,显著增加了胎盘、胎儿及胎儿肝、肾组织的重量(p<0.05)。结论:日粮中添加0.5mg/kgDM纳米硒,增强了妊娠母羊及胎儿机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,进一步促进了胎儿的生长发育。     

拟南芥霜霉病抗眭分子机制研究进展

随着近年分子生物学技术的发展与应用，植物霜霉病抗性的研究有了长足的进展。本文就拟南芥抗霜霉病基因的克隆与结构分析，抗病信号传导，防卫反应和系统获得抗性，以及寄主一寄生菌共进化冲突方面进行了综述，并就今后的研究进行了展望。     

河北省红富士苹果青霉病病菌种类鉴定

青霉病在苹果储藏期引起苹果腐烂,造成较大的经济损失.对采自河北省保定、沧州、石家庄等地冷库红富士苹果病果进行分析,共分离到42个青霉菌菌株.根据病原菌的形态特征,将42个菌株划分为4个类型.依据柯赫氏法则对分离到的菌株进行研究,4个类型青霉均为致病菌,分别为扩展青霉、冰岛青霉、壳青霉和圆弧青霉.根据分离频率和致病性数据分析,扩展青霉为优势菌株.     

Evaluation of the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet as an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production in China

BACKGROUND: The combination of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) and dazomet (DZ) offers a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for soil disinfection. MB is scheduled to be withdrawn from routine use by 2015 in developing countries. Combination treatments of 1,3‐D + DZ were evaluated in a laboratory study and in two commercial cucumber fields. RESULTS: Laboratory studies found that nearly all of the tested combinations of 1,3‐D and DZ displayed positive synergistic activity on root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), two major soilborne fungi (Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp.) and the seeds of two major weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis and Abutilon theophrasti). Field trials revealed that the combination of 1,3‐D and DZ (at 10 + 25 g m^?2) successfully suppressed Meloidogyne spp. root galling, sharply reduced Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. and maintained high cucumber yields. The combination treatment of 1,3‐D + DZ was more effective than 1,3‐D or DZ alone and provided results similar to methyl bromide with respect to pest control, plant mortality, plant height, yield and income. All of the treatments were significantly better than the non‐treated control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the tested combination of 1,3‐D and DZ offers an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

关于农药混用评价标准的讨论

本文对混剂的评价方法和评价标准进行了介绍和比较, 建议采用共毒系数小于５０ 为拮抗作用、＞ １５０ 为增效作用的评价标准。     

荔枝龟背天牛幼虫空间分布型研究

对荔龟背天牛幼虫于荔枝园中的空间分状况调查和分析，表明该虫的空间分布为负二项分布；空间图式是聚集型；分布的基本成分为疏松的个体群。聚集行为受环境因素（主要是荔枝品种）的影响，此外，利用分布型参数确定了龟背天牛的理论抽样数并建立了序贯抽样检定表。     

小麦混合品种对条锈叶锈及白粉病的群体抗病性研究

 本文以小麦感病品种津丰一号和抗病品种冀麦24号为材料,研究了两者在混合种植情况下,对条锈叶锈及白粉病的群体抗性机制。结果表明群体抗性由密度效应、阻挡效应和诱导抗性效应组成,其中密度效应自始至终发挥着主要作用,其它两种机制均是在生长季节后期才表现明显。同一抗性机制在不同种病害上所表现的程度也有所不同。     

植物生理免疫观察初报

 植物生理免疫不同于常规的通过杂交或生物技术导入抗性基因,或者如Kuc等报道的诱导抗病性。它是对植物生长发育的多种生态因子进行调控,进而启动或活化了植物体内尚未被认识的抗性基因,俾使那些原来表现高度感病的作物品种,经过生理免疫处理后,表达为免疫或高度抗病的现象。