2006年上半年中国大豆市场回顾与后市展望

上半年即将过去。在这半年之中，我国大豆加工行业陷入了利润低迷、产能闲置时间增加、市场竞争日趋激烈的局面。中国大豆市场的诸多方面也发生了深刻的变化。引起这些变化的原因是多种多样的．对这些变化发生的原因做出分析并对其未来的发展动向做出预计，对大豆市场的健康发展具有一定的意义。     

意大利皮埃蒙特肉用牛线性体型评分方法

本文将线性描述的方法用于肉牛性状的评定,从外貌（含６项）、肌肉度（６项）、细致度（２项）及乳房（２项）四个方面为意大利皮埃蒙特肉用牛提供了线性外貌评定的方法。     

Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic copper sources for poultry

Five commercially available organic Cu products and reagent-grade CuSO4 x 5H2O (Cu Sulf) were evaluated by polarographic analysis and solubility in 0.1 M K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5), 0.2 M HCl-KCl buffer (pH 2), or deionized water. Fractions from these solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. The organic sources were Cu lysine complex (Cu Lys), Cu amino acid chelate (Cu AA), Cu proteinate A (Cu ProA), Cu proteinate B (Cu ProB), and Cu proteinate C (Cu ProC). Separation of peaks in the chromatograms for the soluble Cu fraction from deionized water indicated that 77, 31, 69, 94, and 16% of the Cu remained chelated for the above sources, respectively. Two experiments were conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of Cu from the organic Cu supplements for chicks when added at high dietary concentrations to practical corn-soybean meal diets. Liver Cu concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as dietary Cu increased in both experiments. When Cu Sulf was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124 +/- 5.1, 122 +/- 5.3, and 111 +/- 6.0 for Cu Lys, Cu AA, and Cu ProC, respectively, in Exp. 1. The bioavailability estimates for Cu Lys and Cu AA were greater (P < 0.05) than that for Cu Sulf. Values in Exp. 2 were 111 +/- 7.6, 109 +/- 8.4, and 105 +/- 7.5 for Cu Lys, Cu ProA, and Cu ProB, respectively, and all sources were similar in value for chicks. Solubility of Cu in pH 2 buffer provided the best prediction of bioavailability (r2 = 0.924). Other indicators of chelation integrity and solubility had little value as predictors of bioavailability (r2 < or = 0.445).     

日光暖棚牛舍设计

本文根据不同季节的太阳高度角随地理纬度变化这一原理，确定牛舍塑料暖棚面与地面的最佳夹角，使冬季大寒（最冷）这天正午时分，太阳辐射的入射角与塑料棚垂直，以其充分利用太阳辐射热能，达到最佳采光效果，提高养牛经济效益。     

γ-氨基丁酸在畜牧生产上的应用

本文综述了γ-氨基丁酸对畜禽采食量、胃肠道消化、神经内分泌、代谢、免疫及抗应激和抗缺氧等方面的影响。     

一例牙鲆淋巴囊肿病例的诊断及病毒MCP基因遗传进化分析

2019年1月,山东省某牙鲆鱼场出现疑似淋巴囊肿病例。患病鱼体表长有灰白色菜花样瘤状物,死亡率超过30%,给养殖场造成了较为严重的经济损失。为确定发病原因,对该鱼场病死鱼进行了病理组织学诊断和病毒检测,并对病毒MCP基因进行了序列测定及遗传变异分析。结果显示：眼观及组织学病变符合淋巴囊肿病的病变特征;所检测到的病毒与选定的参考毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为78.7%~99.9%和86.8%~100%。MCP基因遗传进化分析显示,检测到的病毒与LCDV-C、JF00Kuma、JF03Yoshi、JF03GunNeA、JF、LCDV-K1等毒株同属于淋巴囊肿病毒基因II型,且与我国分离株LCDV-C有较高的同源性。经综合诊断,确定该流行病由淋巴囊肿病毒基因II型所致。该研究为该病的综合诊断及流行病学调查提供了新资料,为下一步进行该病毒相关分子生物学研究以及疫苗制备等提供了理论依据。     

Axenic culture and identification of amastigotes from Sichuan human strain of Chinese Leishmania isolates

This work describes a simple method to yield large amounts of the isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2 amastigotes-like forms in axenic cultures using promastigotes as the starting population. The isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, used in this study, belongs to an undescribed species of Leishmania endemic to hill foci in China. The method describes induced extracellular amastigote transformation of this isolate. The rounded parasite obtained in axenic culture was morphologically similar, even at the ultrastructural level, to intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, the axenic amastigotes remained viable as verified by the stage-specific genes (gp46 and p4 genes) with RT-PCR. A 70-80 kDa protein was recognized by polyclonal antibody HRP-IgG only in axenic-derived amastigotes and not in promastigotes.     

Isolation and characterization of emerging subgroup J avian leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in egg-type chickens

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, predominantly causes myeloid leukosis (ML) in meat-type or egg-type chicken. Since 2006, the clinical cases of hemangioma rather than ML in commercial layer flocks associated with ALV-J have been reported, but it was still not clear whether the novel oncogenic ALV-J had emerged. We characterized SCAU-HN06 isolate of ALV-J from hemangioma in commercial Roman layers through animal experiment and full-length proviral genome sequence analysis. The SPF white leghorn egg-type chickens infected with SCAU-HN06 in ovo at day 11 of incubation showed an overall incidence of 56% hemangioma and 8% renal tumor throughout the 22-week trial, the mortality rate was 16%. Most genes of SCAU-HN06 isolate showed high nucleotide sequence identity to JS09GY6 which was isolated from Hy-Line Variety Brown layers suffering hemangioma. The 19-bp insertion in leader sequence and one key deletion in E element were the common features of SCAU-HN06 and JS09GY6. SCAU-HN06 and those ALV-Js associated with hemangioma, possibly recombinants of ALV-J and other avian retrovirus, may share the same ancestor.     

饲粮结构对山羊消化系统尿素转运蛋白-B表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮结构对山羊消化系统尿素转运蛋白-B(UT-B)表达的影响。选用18只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊半同胞羯羊,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复1只羊),45d后每组随机屠宰1只山羊,采用蛋白质印迹分析所采集的样品中UT-B的表达情况,并对34ku UT-B进行相对定量分析。结果表明:所有样品表达的UT-B处于30～55ku且均含有34ku的UT-B;饲粮高蛋白质水平可提高前胃(瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃)、回肠、盲肠盲囊和肾脏中34ku UT-B的表达;玉米膨化加工减少了34ku UT-B在回肠和肝脏的表达;各组织中34ku UT-B分布由高到低依次为肝脏、皱胃、网胃、瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊、腮腺、瓣胃、十二直肠、盲肠、盲肠盲囊、回肠和肾脏。由此可知,通过改变饲粮结构可以调控山羊消化系统各组织中UT-B的表达,为进一步研究尿素循环和机体氮代谢提供依据。     

Bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents against major pathogens in swine: a review

In recent years, the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a global concern which has prompted research into the development of alternative disease control strategies for the swine industry. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) offer the prospect of a sustainable alternative approach against bacterial pathogens with the flexibility of being applied therapeutically or for biological control purposes. This paper reviews the use of phages as an antimicrobial strategy for controlling critical pathogens including Salmonella and Escherichia coli with an emphasis on the application of phages for improving performance and nutrient digestibility in swine operations as well as in controlling zoonotic human diseases by reducing the bacterial load spread from pork products to humans through the meat.