毛竹大径材培育技术研究

该试验历时 1 0 a,根据大径竹的竹大、鞭粗、根深的生长特点 ,从充分改良深层次土壤理化性状、优化林分结构、创造良好的生长环境入手 ,从选地、深挖、清鞭、施肥、养笋、治虫、择伐等方面进行了多年的综合探索 ,系统研究出培育大径竹的技术措施。经应用证实 ,效果显著 :平均每度产新竹竿重 55.0 8t· hm-2 ,比试验前和对照分别增加 2 .5倍和 2 .59倍 ,其中 1 2 cm以上的大径竹产量占增产总数的 91 % ;产量最高的林分 ,每度产新竹竿重 78.0 7t· hm-2 ,比试验前和对照分别增加3.42倍和 4.0 9倍 ,其中大径竹产量占增产总数的 92 .3% ,创国内目前材用竹单产较高水平。     

正交设计法研究花锚药效成份的优化提取工艺

运用正交设计法研究了椭叶花锚中总黄酮的提取工艺,通过实验确定出了最佳的提取工艺条件。     

美国国家公园体系百年管理与规划制度研究及启示

以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建是我国国家治理进程中生态文明建设的重要方面,"科学规划、完备制度"是保护地体系稳健发展的必然路径,保护地规划制度研究及建设非常紧迫。文中剖析了美国国家公园管理局（NPS）的组织管理结构与国家公园体系的构成,梳理了国家公园体系百年发展的重要法案历程,探析了隶属NPS的丹佛规划设计研究中心（DSC）全权负责下的规划体系,发现NPS垂直式统筹管理和从"一园一法"到"基本法"进而"各专项保护"的法案发展历程,二者正是美国国家公园规划制度建设发展的双重基石。研究启示有3个方面:一是我国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建亟待与管理体系的重构协同发展;二是完善立法以实现强制性保护和引导性发展;三是结合我国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系构建特征,提出由6个层级构建规划体系及其规划制度建设设想,以期探索我国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地科学规划体系。     

后林改时期农户林业生产行为动态趋势分析——以湖南省为例

在后林改时期,农户已成为我国集体林区主要林业经营主体。文中梳理了农户林业生产行为相关研究文献;以湖南省为研究区域,从林业生产过程角度揭示林改后农户造林、抚育和采伐行为动态趋势,从投入角度探讨林业资金和劳动力投入行为变化趋势,从林业产出角度分析林业收入水平和来源结构变化趋势及其与林业生产行为变化之间的关系;总结了后林改时期农户林业生产行为的基本发展趋势。     

天峻县生态补偿标准研究

通过多次野外调查,利用遥感影像数据,在“3S”技术支撑下,划分了青海湖流域天峻县各景观类型并计算出了面积。在此基础上,使用生态系统服务价值法和区域景观价值法确定了天峻县各生态类型生态补偿的上下限标准。结果表明：草地的生态服务价值最为显著,为66．97×108元,生态系统服务价值最小的景观类型为灌丛,其价值为1．19×108元;从景观类型面积看,天峻县高寒草甸面积最大,达到717572．16hm2,石砾地面积最小,仅为205．93hm2;在不同类型植被景观价值中,高寒草甸对青海湖流域天峻县景观价值的贡献最大,为35．33×108元,山地灌木林景观价值最小,仅为0．08×108元。天峻县生态补偿的理论上限为101．42×108元/年,补偿理论下限为47．61×108元/年。     

鹅掌楸属杂交测定初步分析研究

鹅掌楸属杂交测定林的生长状况进行分析,结果表明5 a生树高、胸径、材积年平均生长量为1.92 m,2.5 cm,0.009 2 m3;生长最快杂交组合是T11×C8,其平均年生长量分别为2.39 m,3.4 cm和0.018 3 m3。3个生长性状杂交组合间都呈极显著的差异,为优良杂交组合的选择奠定基础。树高、胸径和材积的杂交组合(家系)遗传力分别为0.501,0.631和0.687,分别进行优良杂交组合选择,其现实遗传增益为16.3%,32.9%和116.1%。几种交配模式之间的材积生长比较结果是T×CC×TT自由授粉C自由授粉C×CT×S。优良杂交组合T11×C8、T12×C8、C9×T12的杂种优势率分别为108.7%,64.3%和110.7%。     

柳杉维管形成层及木质部区转录组序列及基因表达分析

柳杉是中国南方重要的针叶用材树种,具有树形高大,纹理直等特点,已广泛用于板材和建筑生产中,研究柳杉木材形成过程中维管形成层及木质部区转录组特征,为木材形成主要过程的分子机理,木材形成有关基因调控,培育优良材质的林木提供理论参考。本研究以柳杉形成层组织为材料,通过Illumina Hiseq测序平台对4个不同发育阶段的柳杉维管形成层进行转录组测序;对Unigene进行了蛋白功能注释、分类及KEGG代谢通路分析等。测序数据参照无参转录组测序流程进行分析,一共产生105.9 Gb的数据,过滤后Clean reads均达到90%以上。Clean reads经Trinity软件进行组装,一共产生64 969个Unigene,对Unigene进行拼接,拼接后的Contigs序列有29 381条、Singletons有35 588条,总长度为83 003 836 bp。将Unigen与七大功能数据库(NR, NT, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot, Interpro)进行比对,共有42 836个Unigene得到注释,占总Unigene的66.05%。GO注释共有89 644个转录本得到注释。对GO注释转录本进行分类,其中有38 432个转录本(42.87%)注释为生物过程,有32 749个转录本(36.53%)注释为细胞组分,有18 463个转录本(20.6%)注释为分子功能。KEGG注释有31 580个Unigene得到注释。分为6大类为:细胞代谢过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、人类疾病、代谢作用、生物体系统。其中代谢作用涉及的Unigene最多达18 580个,占KEGG总注释Unigene的58.83%。另有37 762个Unigene得到COG注释,被分为25类,其中注释数目最多的类型是仅预测一般功能的Unigene,占总数的16.9%;其次是转录,比例为8.8%;再次是复制、重组及修复,占总数的7.8%。本研究最后分析了可能参与木材形成重要功能基因,为探讨木材发育的分子机制及进行重要功能基因的挖掘提供了提供了依据。     

Preparation of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites via <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide for biomedical applications

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites were synthesized through a new route involving nano-sized HAP (nHAP) particles or modified nHAP mixed with monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate via in situ polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed phosphate peak increased with nHAP content in composite. X-ray diffraction patterns of PHEMA/nHAP revealed the presence of crystallized nHAP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the ultimate nHAP content in PHEMA/nHAP composites is consistent with its initial amount. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanocomposite particles are much smaller than PHEMA particles. PHEMA/nHAP composites with average diameter of approximately 600 nm were obtained in scCO₂ with 94 % yield. Mechanical properties of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites were better than those of PHEMA, and compressive modulus and strength of composites with 30 wt.% nHAP were 193 and 29 MPa, respectively. Nanocomposite adsorption toward bovine serum albumin was evaluated, and results indicated that analyte adsorption amount can reach up to 282 mg/g.     

Conferring resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in durum wheat by a QTL identified in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum spelta</Emphasis>

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant yield loss and degrade the end-use quality of wheat, especially in regions with prolonged wet weather during the harvesting season. Unfortunately, the gene pool of Triticum durum (tetraploid durum wheat) has narrow genetic base for PHS resistance. Therefore, finding out new genetic resources from other wheat species to develop PHS resistance in durum wheat is of importance. A major PHS resistance QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, was mapped on chromosome 3BL in a recombinant inbred line population derived from ‘CSCR6’ (Triticum spelta), a PHS resistant hexaploid wheat and ‘Lang’, a PHS susceptible Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar. This QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, is positioned between DArT marker wPt-3107 and wPt-6785. Two SCAR markers (Ph3B.1 and Ph3B.2) were developed to track this major QTL and were used to assay a BC₂F₈ tetraploid population derived from a cross between the durum wheat ‘Bellaroi’ (PHS susceptible) and ‘CSCR6’ (PHS resistant). Phenotypic assay and marker-assisted selection revealed five stable tetraploid lines were highly PHS resistant. This study has successfully established that PHS-resistance QTL from hexaploid wheat could be efficiently introgressed into tetraploid durum wheat. This tetraploid wheat germplasm could be useful in developing PHS resistant durum cultivars with higher yield and good end-use quality.