Evaluation of wraps covering the distal aspect of pelvic limbs for prevention of bacterial strike-through in an ex vivo canine model

Objective— To determine differences in bacterial strike-through for materials commonly used to cover the distal aspect of the pelvic limb during operative site preparation.
Study Design— Randomized block design; ex vivo model.
Animals— Canine cadaveric pelvic limbs (n=40).
Methods— Pelvic limbs (n=40) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: Group 1=Vetrap^™+sterile Coban^™; Group 2=latex glove+Vetrap^™+sterile Coban^™; Group 3=latex glove+Vetrap^™+sterile Coban^™+sterile latex glove+sterile Coban^™; and Group 4=latex glove+Vetrap^™+sterile disposable drape+sterile Coban^™. Limbs were contaminated with a standardized bacterial solution and routinely prepared using the assigned distal leg wrap. Bandages were fluid challenged with a saline (0.9% NaCl) solution-soaked laparotomy sponge for 30 seconds. The wrap surface was sampled for microbial culture before surgical preparation, immediately after, and 60 minutes after applying a sterile leg wrap.
Results— Bacterial growth occurred in all Group 1 cultures, 90% of Group 2 cultures, and none of the Group 3 and 4 cultures, 60 minutes after applying the sterile wrap.
Conclusion— A distal leg wrap of Vetrap^™+sterile Coban^™ is not effective in preventing bacterial strike-through.
Clinical Relevance— If similar results occur in the live animal, then a sterile impermeable barrier must be incorporated into the distal leg wrap to prevent bacterial strike-through.     

Nucleotide sequence homology to bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV 2) in the 5′ untranslated region of BVDVs from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan

Cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) were isolated from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan. These isolates were compared for antigenic properties by cross-neutralization tests with Japanese reference strains of BVDV belonging to classical type 1. Significantly low cross-reactivity to reference strains was noted, indicating the viruses to possibly represent a new serotype in Japan. Thus, to determine the genotype of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of the 5′ untranslated region were determined and compared with those of previously reported BVDV 1 and 2. The isolates were clearly shown to belong to BVDV 2, not to BVDV 1.     

和桑尼在一起的日子

读者朋友,请打开您的电脑,轻移鼠标,在搜索网站输入“女警带犬跳绳”,随着页面的跳转,缓缓进入眼帘的是一名女警和一头活泼可爱的史宾格犬演绎的人犬跳绳的和谐画面,那就是我和桑尼。     

胡萝卜新品种因卡高产栽培技术

胡萝卜因卡属中晚熟品种,在同安区新店等镇一般于10月上旬播种,翌年3月上旬收获,生育期150d左右.大田平均产量7.50万～8.25kg/hm2左右.该品种植株叶丛较直立,叶片绿色,2～3回羽复叶最后裂片,长35～40cm,叶柄浅绿色,有绒毛,长18cm左右.果根色泽鲜红,表皮光滑,长圆柱形,肉质根长25cm左右,肉质根头部直径5cm左右,单根重400～500g,芯肉皮呈深红色,肉质细嫩、味甘甜,优质,商品性好,耐储运.该品种的外观、口感、规格等均符合加工出口产品标准.经多年田间调查,抗倒伏,抗病性强,未发现危害性病害,耐寒性强,耐旱性中.适宜砂壤土种植.其栽培技术如下:     

西双版纳海巴戟炭疽病和病原菌分生孢子萌发、附着胞形成条件的研究

对西双版纳海巴戟炭疽病进行调查和病原菌鉴定。结果表明,海巴戟炭疽病周年发生,8月的发病率和病情指数最高,分别为40.76%和8.9。根据病原菌形态特征,将其鉴定为瓜类炭疽菌［Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk. &; Mont)］。有关温度、pH、光照和碳源对病原菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成影响的研究显示,20～35 ℃,海巴戟炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发率高,20 ℃是形成附着胞的最适温度;最适合海巴戟炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发和形成附着胞的pH为4～8;在日光灯连续光照、12 h光暗交替和自然光照射条件下分生孢子萌发率在90%以上,光照对此病原菌附着胞形成的影响差异不大;1%葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、D果糖和α 乳糖溶液中孢子萌发率都不高。     

Characterization and application of lactic acid bacteria for tropical silage preparation

Strains TH 14, TH 21 and TH 64 were isolated from tropical silages, namely corn stover, sugar cane top and rice straw, respectively, prepared in Thailand. These strains were selected by low pH growth range and high lactic acid‐producing ability, similar to some commercial inoculants. Based on the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and DNA‐DNA relatedness, strain TH 14 was identified as Lactobacillus casei, and strains TH 21 and TH 64 were identified as L. plantarum. Strains TH 14, TH 21, TH 64 and two commercial inoculants, CH (L. plantarum) and SN (L. rhamnosus), were used as additives to fresh and wilted purple Guinea and sorghum silages prepared using a small‐scale fermentation method. The number of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the forages before ensilage was relatively low but the numbers of coliform and aerobic bacteria were higher. Sorghum silages at 30 days of fermentation were all well preserved with low pH (3.56) and high lactic acid production (72.86 g/kg dry matter). Purple Guinea silage inoculated with LAB exhibited reduced count levels of aerobic and coliform bacteria, lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen and increased lactic acid concentration, compared with the control. Strain TH 14 more effectively improved lactic acid production compared with inoculants and other strains. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

日粮中添加植物油对保育猪生长性能的影响

为了探索饲料中植物油对保育猪生长性能的影响,本研究将28 d断奶的仔猪20头随机分为4组,每组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%的大豆油,通过统计采食量、平均日增重、饲料转化率及成活率等指标,研究大豆油对保育猪生长性能的影响.预饲期为5 d,试验期为37 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,添加植物油能显著提高仔猪的日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(F/G)(P＜0.05);各试验组相比,随着添加量的增加,日增重也相应提高,其中c、d组与b组相比,差异显著(P＜0.05),c和d组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组之间饲料转化率差异不显著(P＞0.05).综合各种因素考虑,添加3%水平的植物油对提高保育猪生长性能较为理想.     

Cloning and expression analysis of PRL and PRLR genes in black Muscovy duck

ABSTRACT

1. Prolactin hormone (governed by the PRL gene) is secreted by the anterior pituitary of animals, which combines with its receptor (prolactin receptor, PRLR) to act on target cells. Both PRL and PRLR are mainly associated with reproductive performance. The genetic mechanism of nesting in poultry is not yet clear, and so the aim of the current study was to determine expression patterns of PRL and PRLR at different times across the breeding stages of black Muscovy ducks.

2. In this study, the CDS regions of PRL and PRLR were determined by RACE sequencing. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in the pituitary, ovary and uterus from the black Muscovy duck were compared and analysed during the pre-laying, laying and nesting periods.

3. The results showed that PRL and PRLR are highly homologous in a variety of poultry species. The expression of the PRL gene in the pituitary was the highest, which was significantly higher than seen in the ovary and uterus. This trend ran through the entire prenatal period, i.e. the laying period and the nesting period. The expression level of the PRLR gene in the pituitary and ovary was generally low, and expression in the uterus was the highest. There was no significant difference in expression of the PRLR gene between pituitary and ovary during different periods, but the expression level of the PRLR gene in the uterus reached its highest level during the nesting stage, which was significantly higher than seen in the early laying period.