Characterization of a new gene (SLC10) with a spliced leader from Taenia solium

An unknown gene, SLC10, was cloned by spliced leader-based polymerase chain reaction from Taenia solium. The full length of SLC10 was found to be 635 bp, encoding an 18.223 kDa protein. ELISA results showed that none of 70 normal and 75 cysticercosis sera samples reacted with purified recombinant SLC10 protein. Using an immunohistochemical method, it was revealed that the native SLC10 protein distributed extensively in inner cyst walls but not in the scolex in Cysticercus cellulosae. Together with predicted results, it is suggested that the SLC10 protein is a non-secretory structural protein, which is not involved in induction of the host's immune reactions against infection at least at the larval stage.     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.     

肠相关性淋巴样组织研究概况

系统论述了肠相关淋巴组织的组成结构及其在肠道黏膜免疫中的功能作用，同时，概述了肠相关淋巴组织在消化道感染中的可能作用，并指出从黏膜免疫的角度来研究畜禽消化道疾病的病原体与消化道粘膜感染的关系是揭示这类疾病发生机理的一个新的突破点，它将为策划新的防制战略以控制畜禽消化道疾病的发生和消化道感染提供重要的依据。     

德尔菲法在我国未来10年兽医科技发展战略选择中的应用研究

本文介绍了在农业部兽医局主导的"我国兽医科技发展战略研究"项目中研究框架和方法选择及应用结果。项目组借鉴情景分析法,采用应急管理模式框定预防兽医领域相关技术专题范围,辅以专家会议法确定20项技术专题和7个相关问题,然后在从事不同工作性质的专家中实施德尔菲调查。综合分析专家对技术专题与问题相关程度的判断结果,从宏观层面上了解各技术专题在兽医工作的重要程度、在实际工作中的应用程度、对现实需求的满足程度、目前发展水平,以及对经济效益和社会效益的影响程度,预测未来10年预防兽医科技的重点发展方向,提出战略选择建议。项目组还尝试以设定对照组的方式校验和调整不同熟悉程度专家的权重系数和判断等级指数。本项研究可以对在具有较快科技成长性和发散性的特定领域应用德尔菲调查法开展涉及多角度、多因素的规划、分析和预测活动提供借鉴和参考。     

权变理论在灌区管理中的应用

权变理论是当前西方管理学中一种较流行的理论。在介绍了权变理论基本思想的基础上，探讨了权变理论在灌区产权制度改革、经营管理模式、水费计收、用水管理等领域的应用，强调灌区管理水平的高低取决于灌区管理与其外部环境和内部环境的适应性。     

家蚕EST数据库的应用现状及展望

家蚕是重要的经济昆虫,也是鳞翅目昆虫的主要模式生物。表达序列标签(EST)在家蚕研究中的应用越来越受到关注。本文主要介绍了EST数据库的建立及其在家蚕研究中的应用现状,展望了EST在家蚕中的研究趋势。     

瘦蛋白对体外培养的新生牛脂肪细胞Ob-Rb mRNA表达的影响

取单层生长良好的脂肪细胞，采用单因素试验，分别添加浓度为5ng／mL外源牛重组瘦蛋白（每12h添加1次）不添加作为对照至4、12、24、36、48和72h后提取总RNA，每个处理3个重复（孔），应用竞争RT-PCR法检测外源瘦蛋白对初生犊牛脂肪细胞Leptin长型受体（Ob—Rb）表达水平的影响，结果与对照组相比在12～24h内随着培养时间的增加，脂肪细胞Ob—Rb表达水平量亦显著增加（P〈0．01），之后其表达量逐渐回降，在48～72h趋于平稳（P〉0．05）。结果表明，在一定时间内瘦蛋白可提高体外培养的新生牛脂肪细胞Ob-Rb mRNA的表达水平。     

植酸酶酶活测定时需要了解的问题

尽管饲料工业中应用淀粉酶已经多年．但畜禽饲料中植酸酶的广泛使用却是前所未有的。植酸酶的广泛应用带来了新挑战．那就是在植酸酶活力的表达和测定方法上还未能形成统一的规定。     

黄土高原不同粮草种植模式土壤碳氮及土壤酶活性

通过在陇中黄土高原半干旱区对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)-作物轮作地进行长期定位试验,探讨不同种植模式对土壤碳氮形态及其相关酶活性的影响。6种种植模式分别为苜蓿-苜蓿、苜蓿-休闲、苜蓿-小麦(Triticum aestivum)、苜蓿-玉米(Zea mays)、苜蓿-马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)和苜蓿-谷子(Setaria italica)。结果表明,苜蓿-作物种植模式不利于土壤总有机碳的积累,而苜蓿翻耕后保持休闲则可维持较高的有机碳含量;与苜蓿连作相比,苜蓿-作物种植模式的土壤有机碳降低了1.60%~23.11%,全氮含量增加了3.81%~21.83%。不同作物对土壤养分吸收利用状况不同,进而引起土壤酶发生变化。与苜蓿连作相比,苜蓿粮食作物种植模式在降低土壤过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性的同时,提高了土壤硝酸还原酶活性;其中土壤过氧化氢酶活性和蛋白酶活性分别降低了5.20%~12.30%和15.03%~43.43%,硝酸还原酶活性提高了1.26%~28.79%。苜蓿连作和苜蓿-粮食作物种植模式间的土壤脲酶活性无显著差异(P0.05),但均高于苜蓿-休闲处理。相关性分析结果表明,土壤脲酶活性与土壤有机碳、全氮含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),可作为衡量土壤肥力的指标。     

The IMPDH inhibitors,ribavirin and mycophenolic acid,inhibit peste des petits ruminants virus infection

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes highly contagious diseases in domestic and particular wild small ruminants, leading to substantial economic loss. The development of effective and cheap antiviral medications shall help to circumvent this emerging burden. In this study, we found that ribavirin, a competitive inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor, significantly inhibits the replication of PPRV. As IMPDH is a key enzyme in purine nucleotide synthesis, supplementation of exogenous guanosine attenuate the anti-PPRV effect of ribavirin. Interestingly, an uncompetitive IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolic acid (MPA), exerted more potent antiviral effect again PPRV. Similarly, this effect was largely restored upon supplementation of guanosine. Thus, we have demonstrated that the IMPDH inhibitors ribavirin and MPA combat PPRV infection through purine nucleotide depletion. Because both regimens have been widely used in the clinic for treating viral infection or organ rejection in transplantation patients for decades, respectively, repurposing these existing safe and cheap medications may provide a new avenue for combating PPRV infection.