妊娠母猪膘情对繁殖性能的影响

为研究妊娠母猪膘情与繁殖性能的关系,试验随机选用32头妊娠母猪,用B超活体测定其产前3 d倒数3、4肋骨间、胸腰椎结合处、腰荐椎结合处偏离背中线5~8 cm处背膘厚,并与其窝产仔数、产活仔数、死胎数、、仔猪初生重、初生窝重、18日龄断奶重、断奶窝重及断奶后发情天数等指标进行比较。结果显示,背膘厚度较薄组各项繁殖指标普遍优于背膘厚组,说明保持适当膘情对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的提高具有促进作用。     

日粮中添加植物油对保育猪生长性能的影响

为了探索饲料中植物油对保育猪生长性能的影响,本研究将28 d断奶的仔猪20头随机分为4组,每组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%的大豆油,通过统计采食量、平均日增重、饲料转化率及成活率等指标,研究大豆油对保育猪生长性能的影响.预饲期为5 d,试验期为37 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,添加植物油能显著提高仔猪的日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(F/G)(P＜0.05);各试验组相比,随着添加量的增加,日增重也相应提高,其中c、d组与b组相比,差异显著(P＜0.05),c和d组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组之间饲料转化率差异不显著(P＞0.05).综合各种因素考虑,添加3%水平的植物油对提高保育猪生长性能较为理想.     

麦片加工专用型新品种冀张燕2号的选育

选用河北省农林科学院张家口分院1996年发现的莜麦核不育ZY基因材料为母本、四倍体大燕麦与六倍体莜麦品种品十六的杂交后代S20为父本,经幼胚培养、冬季温室繁殖加代和人工辅助授粉等方法育成燕麦新品种冀张燕2号。该品种蛋白质含量高达17.85%,脂肪含量7.05%;一般旱地种植籽实产量为3 666 kg/hm2,最高产量可达4 616.67 kg/hm2,较对照品种马匹牙、红旗2号分别增产31.02%和15.06%。冀张燕2号是国内外首次利用莜麦核不育ZY基因材料育成的燕麦新品种,该品种的育成标志着莜麦显性核不育在燕麦育种上的成功。     

Crocin and geniposide profiles and radical scavenging activity of gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation

The major components of gardenia fruits are geniposide and water soluble pigment crocins. In this study, we investigate crocins and geniposide profiles of gardenia fruits from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation. DPPH scavenging activity of gardenia fruits from different cultivars and at the various stages of fruit maturation was also assayed. Quantitative determination of crocins in the gardenia at the various stages of maturation revealed a significant increase when ripening. However, geniposide content was negatively correlated with ripening stages. A significant difference was observed when comparing crocin content of different gardenia from various cultivars and geniposide content also showed marked variety. Current study indicated no relationship between crocin and geniposide content in gardenia fruits at the various stages of maturation and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Data showed that, although crocins feature markedly less DPPH scavenging activity than gardenia ethanol extract, total crocin content of gardenias collected in various cultivars correlate, to a certain degree, with radical scavenging effects of the Chinese traditional medicine (r = 0.75).     

Experimental evaluation and modeling of high temperature drying of sub-alpine fir

Sub-alpine fir is characterized by its high proportion of wet pockets making it difficult to dry. Since it takes longer to dry, mills experience reduced kiln productivity and increased energy consumption. High temperature drying (HTD) can be an effective approach to accelerate the drying process. In this study, three drying schedules, namely, conservative (control), HTD, and HTD and conservative combined (HTD/Cons), were evaluated when drying green sub-alpine fir 2″ × 4″ dimension lumber. The results indicated that: (1) the drying rates in the HTD and HTD/Cons schedules were increased by 31–150% in comparison to the drying rates obtained for the conservative schedule; (2) although drying stresses observed for the HTD schedule were higher than those that were measured for the conservative schedule, no significant difference in drying stresses was found between the HTD/Cons and conservative schedules; (3) warp was reduced in both HTD and HTD/Cons schedules; (4) neither the HTD nor HTD/Cons schedule showed any significant reduction in modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) when compared to the values obtained for the conservative schedule. Diffusion coefficients during HTD for sub-alpine fir were determined and it was found that diffusivity increases with temperature. A mathematical model describing the processes of heating and drying under high temperatures was developed. The results of drying tests showed that the predicted drying curves by the model satisfactorily agree with the experimental data.     

储粮平房仓的三温年变化规律研究

在储藏小麦的高大平房仓中,根据计算机测温系统测出的一年中粮温、仓温以及同时间温度计检测的仓外气温为基本参考数据,分析了气温、仓温、全仓平均粮温、各层平均粮温、四个方向平均粮温和各区域平均粮温的年变化规律。分析结果表明：正常情况下,气温影响仓温,仓温影响粮温。年变振幅：气温>仓温,仓温>粮温;仓温滞后气温,粮温滞后仓温。上层平均粮温受气温影响最大,中下层最小;各层平均粮温受气温影响大小为上层>中上层>下层>中下层。四周平均粮温随季节变化明显。东侧平均粮温一年中波动幅度最小。外围平均粮温受外界条件如日照、气温等影响很大,其次为中央区域,中环区域波动最小。区域测温点温度在方向分布上有很大差异,分析时所用数据为区域平均值,因此粮温曲线不能正确的完全反映区域变化。所以有待进一步对区域的划分进行科学的改进。     

农业科技远程传播的障碍因素与对策

摘 要：农民是将农业科学技术转化为生产力的最终应用者,然而,由于目前农民的文化素质、经济条件,以及传媒的特性,农民在接收农业科技远程传播时会遇到一些障碍,而要提高农民的文化知识水平和整体素质是一项较长期的教育过程,漫长的教育过程与加快农业科技传播是不相适应的。本文提出了对于这一特殊的受众群体,农业科技远程传播要适应农民的知识能力、经济能力和应用能力,这样才能激发农民学习农业科学技术的兴趣和主动性,才能取得预期的传播效果。     

依靠科技创新推进农业产业化的战略与策略Ⅲ.重点任务之打造战略产品和重点产品

摘要：现代农业的发展对高端生物产品提出了迫切的需求。以企业为主体,重点打造动植物超级种、生物农药、现代奶制品、新型高效兽用疫苗及兽药、生物饲料、优质安全功能性肉制品、生物质液体燃料等7类战略产品和重点产品。     

大田旺长期季节性干旱对白肋烟烟碱转化性状的调控效应

通过控制大田烟株旺长中、后期土壤相对水分含量,以研究大田土壤相对水分含量对白肋烟中烟碱向降烟碱转化的调控效应。结果表明,在晾制过程中,大田旺长期（轻度）干旱（土壤相对含水量为最大田间持水量的60%）处理导致B37高转化株烟碱转化率的变化存在差异,但始终低于对应晾制时间点正常供水处理烟叶的烟碱转化率;不同水分处理下,B37非转化株烟叶烟碱转化率均保持在较低水平,处理间差异不明显;在大田旺长期（轻度）干旱（土壤相对含水量为最大田间持水量的60%）有利于降低高转化株烟叶的降烟碱含量和烟碱转化率,一定程度上能够提高非转化株烟碱转化性状的稳定性。     

辐照处理对马铃薯粉降解作用的研究

为探明辐照对马铃薯粉的降解作用,采用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对其进行处理。结果表明,马铃薯粉经50~400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,颗粒形貌没有发生改变,但在冷水中的溶解度大大增加,其中经400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,溶解度达61%。辐照的直接糖化效率随处理剂量的加大而增加,其中以400 kGy剂量处理的最明显,糖化值（DE值）达5.1%。辐照处理的降解产物以麦芽糖和葡萄糖为主。试验证明60Co-γ射线能有效降解马铃薯粉,并可产生可发酵性糖。