Factors affecting the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum and its colonization on tobacco roots

Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease affecting tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal conditions of tobacco bacterial wilt, and green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) labelling was applied to monitor the location and survival dynamics of R. solanacearum (Rs::gfp) on tobacco roots and in soil under these optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest wilt incidence was 91.13%, which occurred when the population reached 6.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g soil, the temperature was 30.55 °C, and the humidity was >81.42%. The Rs::gfp densely colonized the root tips and root hairs, and cells of Rs::gfp were observed intermittently in the elongation zone or at the point of the emerging lateral roots. The Rs::gfp number in the rhizosphere soil was 10.75‐, 73.13‐ and 74.86‐times higher than that in the bulk soil at 10, 15 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively. Increased colonization by Rs::gfp was related to the population of the pathogen, the environmental temperature and the humidity in the soil. These three conditions determined whether R. solanacearum would induce tobacco wilt. This is the first study to investigate factors affecting the virulence of a tobacco wilt bacterial pathogen, which is important for conducting field diagnosis and biocontrol of tobacco bacterial wilt.     

根际微生物多样性与棉花品种对黄萎病抗性的关系研究 II.不同抗性品种根际真菌区系分析及其对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用

对棉花抗黄萎病品种（春矮早和８６－ ６）和感病品种（中棉１７和豫棉１２）的根际真菌区系进行了分析。结果表明每个品种都有自己独特的根际微生物区系,抗病品种根际微生物种数多于感病品种,区系组成更为复杂。抗病品种根际真菌优势种主要是漆斑菌 （Ｍｙｒｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍ ）、粘帚霉（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍ ）、曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ）和青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ）等,感病品种则多为头孢霉（Ｃｅｐ ｈａｌｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ）、镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ）、矛束孢（Ｄｏｒａｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ）、粘帚霉（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍ ）和漆斑菌（Ｍｙｒｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍ ）等。采用平板对峙培养法测定了不同抗性棉花品种根际真菌区系各成员对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用,发现抗病品种根际真菌区系中对黄萎病菌具有抑制作用的真菌种数和比率都高于感病品种,而且抗病品种根际真菌的优势种对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用较强。这种差异在苗期和现蕾期更为明显,花铃期则显著减小。研究结果表明棉花品种对棉花黄萎病的抗性与根际真菌区系组成及其对黄萎病菌的抑制能力有一定关系。     

山东省推广小麦品种面团品质性状及聚类分析

对山东省近年推广种植的24个小麦品种的面团品质性状,包括粉质仪参数和泊尔辛克值等,进行了系统测定和聚类分析。为山东省有计划地进行小麦品质改良提供信息和依据。     

桃红叶植原体检测及鉴定

对表现红叶的桃植株进行植原体16SrRNA基因PCR扩增,得到1.2kb的特异片段.将此片段与pGEM T Easy载体连接并转化到大肠杆茵DH5α感受态细胞中.通过酶切、PCR鉴定,对筛选得到的重组阳性克隆进行序列测定及同源性比较分析,确定该株系属于翠菊黄化植原体组(Aster yellows group,16SrI).在国内首次报道了翠菊黄化组中的植原体侵染桃树.     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

First report of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing tumor disease of Populus koreana in China

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In May 2018, a bacterial tumor disease was observed on Populus koreana in Shuangyang county, Changchun city, Jilin Province. Based on physiological...     

不同耕作方式对旱作区冬小麦生产和产量的影响

为了筛选出适宜旱作区推广的耕作技术,在旱作大田条件下,设置一次深翻、免耕覆盖、深松覆盖、传统耕作四种耕作方式,研究了不同耕作方式下花后土壤水分和养分状况、小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、小麦旗叶净光合速率和小麦籽粒灌浆速率及产量。结果表明,免耕覆盖、深松覆盖开花期和灌浆期0～40 cm土层土壤水分含量分别比传统耕作提高了4.13%、6.23%和5.50%、9.27%,0～40 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于传统耕作,为小麦开花后生长发育提供了良好的环境,从而提高了小麦灌浆中后期旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率,促进花后干物质积累及干物质向籽粒转运,进而提高了籽粒灌浆速率,使得籽粒产量显著提高。     

影响我国水产饲料产业升级的科学性和技术性问题分析

我国的水产饲料工业发展历程非常短,真正开展水产动物营养研究与饲料生产应该是在20世纪80年代后期了,到现在不过30年的发展时间,但水产饲料工业的发展速度是非常快的,到2008年全国饲料总量为13 700万吨(2008中国饲料工业年鉴),而水产饲料为1 342万吨、占全国饲料总量的9.79%.     

油菜菌核病发生流行与菌源量、气候因子关系分析及病情预测模型的建立

为探究油菜菌核病田间发生流行的影响因子并建立病情预测模型,采用田间调查法测定油菜田菌核密度、子囊盘密度、花朵带菌率,并分析了2008—2014年各气候因子与病叶率、成熟期茎秆病株率、病情指数之间的关系。结果显示,田间菌核密度、子囊盘密度、花朵带菌率与病叶率及成熟期茎秆病株率均呈极显著正相关;2月下旬至5月上旬日均气温及2月下旬至4月上旬日均相对湿度、降雨量及降雨天数与各年度成熟期病株率及病情指数均呈显著正相关,而日照时数与各年度成熟期病株率及病情指数均呈极显著负相关。以油菜盛花期花朵带菌率作为指标,可预测其田间成熟期病株率;以降雨量(x_2)、降雨天数(x_3)及日照时数(x_4)与各年度成熟期病株率(y_1)及病情指数(y_2)分别建立了预测模型y_1=15.47+0.07x_2+0.42x_3-0.03x_4和y_2=10.36+0.07x_2+0.38x_3-0.03x_4,其拟合度均最高,分别为99.07%和98.43%,可作为油菜成熟期茎秆发病株率及病情指数的预测模型。表明油菜菌核病菌源量和气候因子是影响病害发生流行的关键因子。     

2000-2012年陕西省复种指数时空分布及潜力分析

利用MODIS数据,经过去云和Savitzky-Golay平滑处理,根据农作物生长曲线变化特征剔除干扰峰,结合陕西省土地利用数据、统计数据和气象数据,运用地统计趋势分析、年际变化分析和标准差的方法,获取陕西省2000-2012年复种指数时空分布及潜力分布.结果表明:陕西省复种指数地域差异显著,由北向南先增后减,呈现一定的纬度特征.复种指数年际变化也存在地域差异,与地貌类型和农业现代化水平密切相关.陕西省平均复种指数为160.32％,平均复种潜力为184.29％,陕南地区可挖掘潜力最大,其次是陕北地区和关中地区.研究结果可为陕西省农业政策制定及粮食估产提供依据.