水稻紫鞘染色体片段代换系Z519的鉴定及PSH1候选基因分析

花青素是广受人们喜爱的植物色素,在食品加工、杂种纯度鉴定中具有重要的作用。本研究鉴定了一个以日本晴为受体、优良紫鞘恢复系R225为供体亲本的紫鞘水稻染色体片段代换系Z519。Z519共含有16个代换片段,分布于除第10染色体外的其他11条染色体,平均长度为6.85 Mb。Z519在芽鞘3 mm时鞘尖呈现紫色,其后在叶鞘、叶缘、茎维管束和柱头等部位出现紫色线条,而日本晴各部位均为绿色。Z519叶鞘中花青素含量极显著高于日本晴,剑叶中没有显著差异。与受体日本晴相比,Z519的株高显著降低,千粒重、主穗总粒数和实粒数显著增加,有效穗数、主穗长和结实率无显著差异。进一步以日本晴与Z519杂交产生的F1和F2群体对紫鞘基因进行了遗传分析和分子定位。该紫鞘表型受显性单基因控制,位于第1染色体In Del标记L03和SSR标记L01之间37.8 kb的区域,被命名为PSH1。对该区间进行候选基因预测和测序,Z519在一个编码质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白的LOC_Os01g45910基因第一外显子的第238~252碱基的GTG重复区又多插入了GTG 3个碱基,导致增加了一个甘氨酸。q RT-PCR结果进一步表明其表达量在Z519中明显降低,初步确定LOC_Os01g45910是PSH1的候选基因。该研究为PSH1调控花青素的分子机制奠定了良好基础。     

矮秆基因Rht_NM9在小麦株高建成中对内源激素含量的影响

普通小麦品种"南农9918"经甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变获得一个矮秆、多蘖、长穗突变体"NM9",在该突变体中定位到一个新的矮秆突变基因Rht_NM9。内源激素在普通小麦株高建成的过程中发挥重要的调节作用,为了解析Rht_NM9致矮的生理机制,本研究以南农9918及其矮秆突变体NM9为材料,利用酶联免疫吸附分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)测定了不同生育期各节间内源赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量,分析小麦发育关键时期的内源激素含量变化与株高的关系。结果表明,在孕穗期和抽穗期,矮秆突变体NM9中GA、ABA含量均显著高于南农9918,而ZR含量则显著低于南农9918,IAA含量在南农9918和突变体NM9之间无明显差异。此外,突变体NM9各节间中GA/ABA比值显著高于南农9918,而IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA)/ABA、ZR/ABA比值显著低于南农9918。以上结果表明小麦株高受多种激素调控,突变体中内源ABA含量升高,IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值降低会抑制植物株高伸长。     

Analysis of concrete strength effective factors of diagonal strutmechanism on frame exterior beam-column joints

This paper uses the strut-truss model to analyze the shear strength of reinforced concrete frame exterior joints through thirty-five shear failure type joints without beam flexural yield and six shear failure joints after beam flexural yield.It discusses the influence of parameters including concrete compressive strength,column axial-compression ratio,amount of joint horizontal or vertical hoop,and angle of strut mechanism etc.,on concrete strength effective factor ρ of diagonal strut mechanism.The analysis results show that ρ value deterioration ratio at peak load increases with the increase od concrete strength.The effect of joint hoop on ρ value deterioration is more significant using ordinary strength concrete than the case using high strength concrete.The contribution of strut mechanism to joint shear force is more than 80% when joint shear reinforcement ration is less than 0.3%.The joint strength equation is proposed based on the analysis results of the factor ρ,and the calculated values agree well with the experimental results.     

Experimental Analysis on Optimal Tail Water Discharge Method of River Water Source Heat Pump

In order to study the influence on water temperature raise of river water source heat pump tail water discharged in different methods, the real sensor network is established by using digital temperature sensors. The simulation experiments of different discharging methods of river water source heat pump are carried out, including submerged-type discharge, surface-type discharge and jet-type discharge with 12 effluent ways. By using weighted average method, the preferred values of such factors as the average temperature raise,the temperature raise variance, the biggest temperature raise value, and the number of temperature measure points above the temperature raise average value are calculated. Moreover, the experiment results are analyzed by the three-dimensional figures of water temperature raise, which shows that jet-type discharge is better than submerged-type discharge and surface-type discharge,and the double-port way is better than single-port way. In addition, the double-port way along with the current in surface-type discharge method is the one that exerts least influence on river water temperature raise.     

Analysis of Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption Process in Coping with Sudden Pollution of Chlorobenzene in Raw Water

Bench experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal of chlorobenzene in raw water by conventional water treatment process. And a batch system was applied to study the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of chlorobenzene(CB)from raw water by powdered activated carbon(PAC). The experimental data obtained were mathematically modeled with Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the equilibrium isotherm and kinetics, respectively. It is shown that the conventional water treatment process can not remove chlorobenzene from water effectively. PAC can rapidly adsorb chlorobenzene with 80% and 98% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity at 5 min and 30 min, respectively. A theoretical formular was established to express the relation of PAC dose to the initial concentration of chlorobenzene and adsorption time, and it was verified by the results of bench experiments. The maximum concentration of chlorobenzene corresponding to different PAC dose was obtained with the adsorption time of 30 min.     

生猪屠宰环节微生物状况调查及建议

通过检测屠宰环节中生猪表皮微生物的菌落总数和生产用水卫生状况,对某屠宰企业的微生物污染情况进行了调查,旨在改善和提高屠宰企业卫生管理水平,提出改进意见,为完善企业HACCP体系提供理论基础。     

化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导糜子雄性不育效果研究

采用裂区试验设计, 以喷药时期为主区, 喷药剂量为副区, 探讨了用SQ-1诱导产生的雄性不育率、杂交率及自然授粉结实率3项指标评价应用效果。结果表明, 喷药时期、喷药剂量及时期与剂量一级互作显著或极显著影响不育率和杂交率。在雌雄蕊原基分化期, 喷药剂量为4.0和5.0 kg hm^-2时诱导雄性不育率、杂交率都在95％以上; 花粉粒分化形成初期, 喷药剂量为5.0 kg hm^-2时诱导雄性不育率和杂交率都在95％以上。喷药时期对自然授粉结实率影响不显著, 剂量及时期与剂量一级互作影响显著, 自然授粉结实率随着剂量的增加呈降低趋势。SQ-1用于糜子的最佳时期为雌雄蕊原基分化期, 最适剂量4.0 kg hm^-2。     

甜瓜嫁接育苗技术

甜瓜生产近年发展迅速,尤其是随着保护地设施的发展,在京、津、鲁等地已形成大面积种植,形成了周年生产、周年供应。但随之也出现了一些问题,如连作造成土传病害严重,春季地温低、光照弱引起沤根等生理病害等。为克服这些问题,生产上多应用嫁接育苗技术,对于提高抗病性、吸肥能力、增加产量大有益处。目前,甜瓜嫁接生产中所采用的砧木主要是南瓜,但是南瓜属种类和品种间差异大,虽抗病性强,但有的田间表现一定比例的不亲和株。在大面积使用之前,最好先经小面积试验,确定甜瓜品种和砧木品种的亲和性强弱。厚皮甜瓜和薄皮甜瓜在苗期生长速度,苗子大小上区别较大,嫁接育苗时应注意采用不同的嫁接方式和措施,不可等同处理。薄皮甜瓜苗较小,生长慢,宜采用插接法或劈接法,不宜采用靠接法;厚皮甜瓜苗子相对大,与黄瓜类似,用插接法、靠接法、劈接法都可。     

镉胁迫对甜高粱种子萌发的影响

本试验用浓度分别为0,2,4,8,16,32 mg/L的镉溶液对3个甜高粱品种(上海甜高粱、意大利甜高粱和兴佳甜高粱)的种子进行胁迫处理,测定了镉胁迫对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗长和根长等发芽指标的影响。结果表明,在镉胁迫条件下,3个品种的发芽指标大都随着镉浓度的增加先升高后降低,4 mg/L的镉可以促进甜高粱种子的萌发。在3个参试品种中,上海甜高粱的耐镉性最好。     

酵母胞壁多糖对黄瓜植株防御酶系活性的影响

采用浸种和喷雾两种处理方法研究了酵母胞壁多糖对黄瓜植株体内防御酶系的影响,结果表明,浸种和喷雾处理均能提高黄瓜植株体内PAL和PPO活性,有效期达一个月之久,并且酵母胞壁多糖对PAL活性的诱导效应具有可传导性。