废渣固态发酵生产酵母蛋白质饲料及其产业化发展措施

文章综述了近几年来采用废渣固态发酵技术生产酵母蛋白质饲料的研究进展,对其应用前景和产业化发展措施进行了探讨,并提出制订固态发酵产的酵母粉的质量评估指标与质量标准,以规范该产品的生产、品管和销售市场。     

2005年赖氨酸市场回顾及2006年展望

12005年赖氨酸市场回顾2005年,国内赖氨酸市场行情波澜不惊,除10月份略显回升之外,整体而言,市场价格呈现平稳偏弱走势。1.1整体价格走势分析2002-2005年国内赖氨酸市场价格变化趋势,不难看出,2004年第二季度即步入下滑通道。进入2005年第一季度,价格变化趋势基本与前几年一致,只是整体价格低于往年,不过本年度的最高值(13.6元/kg)还是出现在3月中下旬。二、三季度开始,赖氨酸市场价格出现缓慢下跌,10月份略有回升(13.3元/kg),之后持续低位徘徊,12月初跌至不足12.0元/kg。整体来看,2005年价格基本维持低位振荡,年度均价同比下跌超过38%(图1)…     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

传统发酵食品来源植物乳杆菌的发酵特性及其在酸奶中的应用

对传统发酵食品来源的三株植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)的发酵特性进行试验分析。结果表明植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3具有适度的菌体自溶特性和蛋白水解活力,且能够高产胞外多糖(99.7mg/L)。将植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3作为附属发酵剂应用于酸奶中,发现添加植物乳杆菌的酸奶样品经冷藏21d后菌株DH1-XHG-3的活菌数仍保持在108 CFU/m L,且酸奶样品的乳清析出率低于对照组,感官评定、质构特性和持水力均高于对照组。以上结果证明植物乳杆菌DH1-XHG-3适合作为附属发酵剂应用于发酵乳制品中。     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.     

浅谈与新农村建设需求相适应的高等农业教育模式的创新

社会主义新农村建设对高等农业教育提出人才需求的多样性和培养途径的多元化要求,针对要求,文中提出了"教学四要素、学习两平台、办学多途径"的高等农业教育新模式,并从教学要素的协调、培养途径的拓展、教学模式的革新和保障机制的健全等方面加以论述.     

畜牧生产对环境的污染及对策

随着畜牧业生产规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的不断提高。畜牧生产中产生的氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素等恶臭气体以及粪尿中的氮磷元素、重金属、病原微生物。不仅对空气、土壤和水体造成了严重的污染．而且也成为人畜共患病的重要传播途径．极大地影响了人类的生存质量和身体健康。因此。减少畜牧生产对环境的污染。促进畜牧业可持续发展具有十分重要的现实意义。下面就畜牧生产对环境的污染及对策两个方面的问题作一阐述。     

五龙鹅早期血浆总蛋白质消长规律与成分研究

本试验选用五龙鹅蛋用系与快长系各150只进行网床育肥试验,测定血浆总蛋白质含量,并进行PAGE电泳。结果显示:初生雏鹅血浆总蛋白质含量较高,随着日龄(1~90 d)增加呈先下降后升高趋势,以对数函数和抛物线函数分段拟合效果较佳,R2为0.9445、0.9568;血浆总蛋白质含量在性别间差异不显著,品系间差异显著。PAGE电泳结果表明:血浆中蛋白质种类在品系、性别间没有差异,随日龄的增加亦没有条带变化。清蛋白含量的变化是引起血浆总蛋白质含量变化的主要因素。     

不同生境下陌上菜的形态解剖学比较

本研究首次采用GMA切片等方法对不同生境下陌上菜的形态结构进行了深入的研究。结果显示,陌上菜种苗发育具有水生植物的特征:种子及种苗需浸水萌发及发育,具下胚轴毛,胚根发育迟缓。成株的营养器官兼具水生及陆生植物的结构特征:完全陆生的植株和湿生植株的气生部位具有较厚角质层,发达的机械组织及较发达的通气组织。完全水生的植株和湿生植株浸水部位的角质层和机械组织不发达,但通气组织非常发达。生殖器官:完全陆生和湿生的植株具有闭锁和开放2种类型的花,而完全水生的植株仅具闭锁花,从而保证了这一物种在不同生境下均能正常结实。此外,陌上菜具有特立中央胎座。本研究首次揭示了陌上菜在不同生境下种苗发育、营养器官及生殖器官结构的变化,完善了陌上菜的形态学,为进一步研究母草科的系统学提供了形态学依据。     

新疆牦牛资源开发利用设想

通过阐述新疆牦牛资源的发展历史、现状及存在的问题,分析发展牦牛业的产品优势和资源优势,明确了以市场为导向、以肉为主导产品,实行科学养畜、产业化养畜,发展现代牦牛业的总体发展战略,并围绕总体思路,建设性地提出了具体的发展措施.结论:合理利用资源,尤其是科学利用牦牛与家牛的杂交理论成果,可大幅提高新疆牛肉产量.