Digestive characteristics and blood chemistry profile of triploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: influence of body size and seasonal variation

Fisheries Science - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of body size and seasonal variation on organ indexes, digestive enzymes and plasma biochemistry parameters of triploid...     

Maltoporin (LamB protein) contributes to the virulence and adhesion of Aeromonas veronii TH0426

Aeromonas veronii is one of the main pathogens causing freshwater fish sepsis and ulcer syndrome. More and more cases have shown that it has become an important zoonotic and aquatic agent. In this study, a A. veronii TH0426 mutant strain (ΔlamB) with an in‐frame deletion removed nucleotides 10–1,296 of the lamB gene was firstly constructed to investigate its functions. The results showed that the LD₅₀ value of the mutant ΔlamB to zebrafish and mice was 13.7‐fold and 5.6‐fold higher than those of the wild‐type strain, respectively. The toxicity of wild‐type strain to EPC cells was 2.1‐fold and threefold higher than those of ?lamB when infected for 1 and 2 hr. Furthermore, the ability of biofilm formation and the adhesion and invasion to EPC cells of ?lamB significantly decreased for 5.6‐fold and 1.8‐fold separately. In addition, motility detection result indicated that ?lamB lost the swimming ability. The results of flagellar staining and TEM demonstrated that the flagella of ?lamB were shed. In general, the deletion of lamB gene caused a significant decrease in the virulence and adhesion of A. veronii TH0426, and it can be known that the lamB gene of A. veronii plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis.     

Effects of chromium yeast,tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance,digestion and metabolism of Channa argus

A 60‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of chromium yeast (CY), tributyrin (TB) and bile acid (BA) on the snakehead (Channa argus). The control (CT) group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed 200 mg/kg CY (concentration: 1,000 mg/kg), 2.5 g/kg TB (purity: 45%) or 1 g/kg BA (purity: 30%) in addition to the basal diet. The addition of CY, TB and BA statistically increased the weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, whereas the feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). When compared with the CT group, TB elevated the serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity; and BA reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) contents significantly (p < 0.05). The three feed additives reduced intestinal malonaldehyde (MDA) levels dramatically. Tributyrin significantly enhanced intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities (p < 0.05). The activity of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase in the group fed CY was significantly lower than in the CT group. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of the three additives enhanced growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation of CY affected protein, glucose and lipid metabolism. Diets with TB levels improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. The addition of BA improved glycolipid metabolism.     

纤维素酶催化水解和氧化机制的研究进展

人类对纤维素的开发与利用还非常有限,未能完全搞清天然纤维素的生物降解机制是其一个重要原因.自从C1-Cx假说提出以来,又有较多的降解理论出现对其改进,纤维素酶水解机制不能完全解释天然纤维素的降解,大量文献证实天然纤维素降解存在氧化机制.本文主要介绍水解与氧化机制中具代表性酶协同降解模型、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)协同作用假说、羟基自由基的氧化机制和纤维二糖脱氢酶途径等不同降解理论,将水解和氧化两种机制结合起来给出其降解途径,也许能够较为容易理解纤维素的降解具体过程.     

凡纳滨对虾易位子相关蛋白α亚基(TRAPα)基因解析及其与WSSV抗性的关联

本研究旨在探讨凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)易位子相关蛋白 α 亚基(translocon-associated protein alpha, TRAPα)基因特征及其在抗白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome, WSSV)中的作用。通过 PCR 和 Sanger 测序技术, 获得凡纳滨对虾 TRAPα 的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)序列, 将该基因命名为 Lv-trapα, 并进行生物信息学分析。采用 real-time PCR 分析 Lv-trapα 基因在健康凡纳滨对虾和感染 WSSV 不同时间点的凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺、鳃、 肌肉、眼柄中的 Lv-trapα 表达水平。同时, 利用重亚硫酸氢盐测序技术(bisulfite sequencing PCR, BSP)检测健康凡纳滨对虾和感染 WSSV 后 96 h 的凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织中 Lv-trapα 基因上游 DNA 序列的甲基化水平。结果显示, Lv-trapα 的 ORF 全长 873 bp, 共编码 290 个氨基酸, 预测相对分子质量为 32466.4, 理论等电点为 4.45。多序列比对发现 TRAPα 蛋白的保守性较高。Lv-trapα DNA 序列中有 8 个单核苷酸多态性位点(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), 其中 1 个 SNP 位点处于外显子区域且属于错义突变, 其余 7 个 SNP 位点处于内含子区域。real-time PCR 结果显示, Lv-trapα 基因在凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉、眼柄中均有表达, 且在感染 WSSV 后显著上调表达(P＜0.05)。 值得注意的是, 在感染 WSSV 后 96 h, 体内病毒含量不同的凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中 Lv-trapα 的表达水平差异显著, 高病毒含量组中 Lv-trapα 的表达水平显著高于低病毒含量组(P＜0.05), 提示 Lv-trapα 表达水平和 WSSV 复制水平存在正相关性。BSP 结果显示, Lv-trapα 基因上游 1 个 CpG 位点(存在于 NCBI 数据库 NW_020872863.1 第 360336-360337 nt 位置)的甲基化水平和 Lv-trapα 表达水平呈负相关, 该 CpG 位点的甲基化水平和凡纳滨对虾体内 WSSV 病毒含量也呈负相关。本研究可为深入研究凡纳滨对虾抗 WSSV 的分子机制和抗病分子育种提供理论参考。     

Establishment of a crop evapotranspiration calculation model and its validation

In order to contribute knowledge on the method used to calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration, soil, crop, atmosphere, and water spatial structure were integrated into a complete system. Based on the energy balance equation and aerodynamic equation, the meteorological data was reduced and the crop physiological parameter was increased, then the crop evapotranspiration calculation model under natural conditions was derived. The crop evapotranspiration calculation model was verified by the water balance formula using data generated from corn, potato, and flue-cured tobacco grown under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that: from 2017 to 2019, the average root mean square error for measured and calculated evapotranspiration of corn, potato, and flue-cured tobacco at different growth times were 0.5948, 0.4753, and 0.3326, respectively, the mean deviation, mean absolute error, and mean relative error were small, and the coefficient of determination and consistency index were both greater than 0.9100. The measured and calculated crop evapotranspiration of the selected crops increased at first and then decreased gradually as the crops matured, and finally decreased to harvest evapotranspiration, showing a parabolic trend. The crop evapotranspiration calculation model not only reflects the actual evapotranspiration of crops at different growth time but also reflects the change law of actual crop evapotranspiration. The model does not need the correction of soil moisture content, irrigation method, and crop coefficient and can directly calculate the actual crop evapotranspiration. It has the characteristics of consistency between the calculated value and the measured value, strong applicability, simple calculation process, and high accuracy and has the best effect on monitoring soil moisture and crop water shortage sensitivity. The model is significance in that it guides for monitoring soil moisture, determining actual crop evapotranspiration, crop water shortage index, and high yield and efficiency under water-saving conditions.     

河西地区高温对春玉米生长的影响

根据河西地区春玉米不同生育期内>30℃日最高气温的积温(AT)和>30℃日最高气温天数(AD)的变化特征,采用气候趋向率、Mann-Kendall检测、Pearson相关分析等方法,进一步分析了在气候变暖背景下河西地区极端高温对春玉米生长的影响。结果表明：1952—2021年河西地区春玉米生育期内气温显著上升,第二生长阶段（花前花后20天）日最高气温明显大于其他生育期,春玉米全生育期、第一生长阶段（播种到开花前11天）、第二生长阶段和第三生长阶段（开花后11天到成熟）日最高气温的气候趋向率分别为0.17、0.19、0.19、0.10℃/10a。近70年河西地区春玉米全生育期AT和AD极显著增加,第一生长阶段AT和AD的增加趋势明显大于第二生长阶段和第三生长阶段。河西地区春玉米生育期内极端高温对春玉米果穗、茎秆有一定不利影响,但对春玉米产量有极显著的正效应(P<0.01),其中第一生长阶段的极端高温对春玉米产量的影响更显著。河西地区的春玉米品种对第二生长阶段的长期高温具有一定的抗逆性,而且该地区雨热同期且春玉米种植区大部分为灌溉农业区,极端高温引起的土壤水分蒸发和植株冠...     

牛妊娠相关糖蛋白6快速检测试纸条的制备及应用

奶牛妊娠的早期诊断至关重要,妊娠相关糖蛋白6(PAG6)是母体胎盘组织分泌至外周循环中的特异蛋白质,因此,本研究致力于制备牛妊娠相关糖蛋白6快速检测试纸条。制备牛妊娠相关糖蛋白6多克隆抗体,将其稀释后加样至NC膜上,通过固定和封闭制备出一种可检测boPAG6的快速检测试纸条,在试纸条上加入待检血清进行孵育后洗涤,再加入二抗孵育后洗涤,最后加入显色液显色后进行快速检测。标准化快速检测试纸条是将抗体用PBS稀释成10μg/mL点样至NC膜上,在37℃温箱中固定抗体30 min,经5%的脱脂奶粉封闭后制成。待检血清滴加至试纸条后,在37℃温箱中孵育1 h后,进行洗涤和二抗孵育,最后在DAB显色试剂盒作用下显色3 min即可判定。临床检测的初步应用表明,在未孕与怀孕奶牛的混合血清中仍然可以判定是否怀孕,快速检测试纸条特异性强;血清在稀释3200倍的最低检测限时,快速检测试纸条的敏感性良好;而且该结果与ELISA的符合率在80%之上。试验重复性良好,并能在4℃和-20℃条件下保存2周。建立了一种奶牛早期妊娠诊断的快速检测试纸条并应用于初步的妊娠诊断。     

蓄水位对山美土石坝地震动力响应的影响分析

地震作用下土石坝的动力响应及其破坏模式一直是岩土工程界研究热点.采用FLAC有限差分软件分析山美土石坝在地震作用下产生的震后残余变形、加速度响应以及剪应变等情况,得到山美土石坝的普遍性动力响应规律.通过改变上游蓄水位高度,描述地震过程中坝内塑性剪应变区演变模式以及不同水位下震后坝内残余应变形态,发现山美土石坝率先发生剪...     

基于无人机多光谱影像的矮林芳樟叶片含水率与叶水势反演

叶片含水率和叶水势反映植物组织中水分的状态,是衡量植物水分供应和水分利用效率的重要指标。为探究基于不同高度下无人机多光谱影像反演叶片含水率和叶水势模型的差异,本研究在3个飞行高度处理F30、F60、F100 (30、60、100m)下采集多光谱影像数据,通过使用6种光谱反射率+经验植被指数的组合与地面实测数据进行相关性分析,获得不同飞行高度下的光谱反射率+经验植被指数组合与叶片含水率和叶水势的反演模型及其决定系数,以决定系数为依据分别构建支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）和径向基神经网络（RBFNN）模型,分析不同飞行高度无人机多光谱影像反演芳樟叶片含水率和叶水势的精度。结果发现：3个飞行高度下,基于RF模型的反演精度均高于SVM模型和RBFNN模型。F30处理对叶片含水率与叶水势反演效果均优于F60和F100处理。F30处理对叶片含水率反演的敏感光谱反射率+植被指数组合为红光波段反射率（R）、红边1波段反射率（RE1）、红边2波段反射率（RE2）、近红外波段反射率（NIR）、增强型植被指数（EVI）、土壤调节植被指数（SAVI）。RF模型训练集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.845、0.548%、0.712%;测试集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.832、0.683%、0897%。对叶水势反演的敏感光谱反射率+植被指数组合为R、RE2、NIR、EVI、SAVI、花青素反射指数（ARI）。RF模型训练集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.814、0.073MPa、3.550%;测试集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.806、0.095MPa、4.250%。研究结果表明飞行高度30m与RF方法分别为反演叶片含水率和叶水势的最优光谱获取高度与最优模型构建方法。本研究可为基于无人机平台的矮林芳樟水分监测提供技术支持,并可为筛选无人机多光谱波段与经验植被指数、实现植物长势参数快速估测提供应用参考。