酿酒工程专业实践教学体系的构建

MA Meifan;CHI Yuxia(Qilu Industry University,Shandong Academy of Sciences,Ji'nan,Shandong 250353,China)     

紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果害虫及其天敌的影响

为探究紫花苜蓿不同种植布局对苹果园害虫及天敌的影响,在山东省沂水市苹果园设置了紫花苜蓿逐行、隔1行和隔2行种植的布局方式,以自然生草区为对照,系统调查了4种生草方式苹果园果树上和生草上害虫及天敌的发生动态。结果表明:害虫的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最少,比隔1行种植区少20.29%,比隔2行种植区少48.53%,比自然生草区少49.91%;苹果树上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植区最多,是逐行种植区的1.13倍、隔2行种植区的1.29倍、自然生草区的1.78倍;生草上天敌的调查总量,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区最多,是隔1行种植区的1.05倍、隔2行种植区的1.19倍、自然生草区的1.66倍;益害比方面,紫花苜蓿逐行种植区和隔1行种植区的益害比明显高于其他生草区。综合防治效果和种植成本,紫花苜蓿隔1行种植的布局方式更合理。     

FAM3C activates Akt to promote viability of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the expression and roles of family with sequence similarity 3, member C (FAM3C) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAM3C in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The WSU-HN6 cells were treated with siFAM3C or FAM3C antibody. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of WSU-HN6 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected by Western blot. Adenovirus was used to mediate over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells. The DOK cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay after adenovirus infection for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the activation of Akt was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the DOK cells, the mRNA and protein levels of FAM3C were significantly increased in the WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). The viability of WSU-HN6 cells transfected with siFAM3C was significantly inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). siFAM3C treatment inhibited the activation of Akt (P<0.05). FAM3C antibody treatment also suppressed the viability of the WSU-HN6 cells at 48 h and 72 h and the activation of Akt (P<0.05). Over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells promoted the cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and activated Akt (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FAM3C might promote oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth by activating Akt.     

基于ADAMS的油茶果采摘机械臂试验设计及优化

针对目前我国油茶采摘主要以人工为主,劳动强度大、采摘效率低等问题,设计了一种适合园艺化栽培的履带式油茶果采摘机,并在Adams软件中对机械臂进行试验设计和优化仿真。试验数据表明:油茶果采摘机工作区间与各机械臂的长度和液压缸安装距离呈线性相关,最佳组合处的机械臂长度总和减小25.67%,可为油茶果采摘机的机械臂设计提供参考。     

三江平原地区不同有机物料腐解规律的研究

利用网袋法模拟田间还田方式, 研究不同还田方式下玉米、大豆秸秆的腐解特征。结果表明: 经过150 d的分解, 玉米和大豆秸秆残留率在33.7%~61.1%之间, 秸秆还田分解趋势为: 土埋处理>露天处理, 土埋玉米秸秆>土埋大豆秸秆, 露天条件下大豆和玉米秸秆分解速率一致。从细胞结构上看, 玉米秸秆随着还田时间的延长, 基本组织和维管束遭到破坏, 细胞壁变薄, 细胞内物质消失, 细胞排列疏松; 大豆秸秆组织结构变化不明显。露天和土埋处理各有机物料有机碳分解率分别为39.9%~48.9%、49.6%~65.8%, 土埋玉米和大豆秸秆腐解速度明显高于露天处理。两个处理氮、钾分解率无太大差异, 分别为51.1%~67.7%、74.6%~91.7%, 而磷素变化比较明显, 露天和土埋处理玉米秸秆的磷释放率平均比大豆秸秆高49.4%、56.7%。作为还田物料玉米秸秆要好于大豆秸秆。     

淮河流域降雨-侵蚀背景及时空演变特征

当前全球气候正经历以变暖为主要特征的显著变化,为土壤侵蚀及水土流失的防治提出新的挑战。研究探索气候变化特别是降雨变化特征、时空演变及对侵蚀的潜在影响,是深刻认识气候变化与土壤侵蚀之间关联,减少未来水土流失防治不确定性的前提和基础。以降雨侵蚀力为指标,对淮河流域降雨—侵蚀背景及时空演变特征进行了计算分析。结果表明:1951—2008年间流域多年降雨的潜在侵蚀能力为5 269.12 MJ/(mm.hm2.h),峰值位于南部的大别山区。时间演变上,全流域多年降雨—侵蚀背景未呈现显著增减趋势。空间变化上,周口、大别山区及蚌埠附近三个地区潜在侵蚀背景的上升趋势最为显著,北部鲁中南低山丘陵沿脉区域也呈现一定上升趋势,以上区域应优先加强侵蚀防治对未来降雨变化的适应研究。     

基于MATLAB7的神经网络在灌溉用水量预测中的应用研究

灌溉用水量的预测对于灌区管理工作具有重要的指导意义,使用神经网络方法预测灌溉用水量。介绍了BP网络的算法步骤,并且以铁甲灌区为例,使用软件MATLAB7对所设计的网络进行学习和训练,隐含层单元数的选取采用实验法,最终以隐单元数为13的网络预测性能最好,误差也达到精度要求。所建模型可以预测铁甲灌区的灌溉用水量。     

生物有机肥对木薯地土壤理化性状的影响

以木薯品种辐选01和利达生物有机肥为材料,就生物有机肥对木薯地土壤理化性状的影响进行研究。试验结果表明:生物有机肥处理能明显降低土壤容重;同时,生物有机肥处理能明显提高土壤孔隙度、土壤脲酶活性、土壤转化酶活性、土壤速效N含量、土壤速效P含量和土壤速效K含量,其促进效应因生物有机肥用量和生长期的不同而异。     

加工番茄“宽垄不翻秧”栽培模式下的深耕影响分析

试验在“宽垄不翻秧”栽培模式下对土壤进行深松处理,以未深松处理的“宽垄不翻秧”栽培模式为对照进行比较,结果表明:未深松土壤31~40cm及41~50cm剖面中土壤容重基本一致都为1.32g/cm3与深松土壤中这两个剖面内土壤容重(31~40cm内为:1.31g/cm3,41~50cm内为:1.26g/cm3)存在差异;未深松的土壤中犁底层阻碍了根系的下扎,虽然根系能穿透犁底层,但对后期根系的进一步生长分布造成了影响,而经过深松处理的土壤打破了犁底层引导根系向深度层次分布,让根系在深度范围内可以获得更多的养分空间;在滴入同等量的水分时,由于打破了犁底层减少了对水分的阻碍,深松土壤中水分是往下迁移,从而增加了水分的有效利用性,利于根系的深度层次的分布,而未深松中滴水后土壤中由于犁底层的阻碍水分是横向迁移,引导了根系在浅层分布;深松处理下各品种各性状比未深松处理的各性状指标都有明显的提高,尤其植株茎基部粗呈显著性差异,深松处理下植株的茎基部粗比未深松处理的要粗,叶片数比未深松处理的要多,并且株高也没有相应过高的增加,这说明深松有利于植株的健康生长,及增加产量,提高品质,避免因滴灌频繁滴水而造成的徒长。     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.