Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets containing casein, solvent‐extracted soybean meal and gelatin as protein sources, were supplemented with 60 g kg⁻¹ of lipid sources. The lipid sources included: pollack fish oil (PO), pork lard (PL), soy oil (SO), peanut oil (PN), rapeseed oil (RO) and a mixture of pollack fish oil and soy oil (POSO 1 : 1 w/w). Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp (0.10 g average weight) four times daily in triplicate tanks to apparent satiation (feeding ratio was about 8%) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher for shrimp fed the diet containing PO and the POSO mixture oil than the other lipid sources. The nutritional values of SO, RO, PN and PL were similar. Shrimp fed on PO, mixture oil of POSO and SO had better survival rates than the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed the PL had the lowest survival rate. There were significant differences in lipid contents of whole body and hepatopancreas amongst the dietary treatments; however, lipid contents of tail muscle were not significantly affected by the dietary lipid sources. Shrimps fed POSO diet had higher protein content in whole body than those fed the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed PO diet had highest crude protein content of the tail muscle. A high correlation was found between dietary FA composition and FA composition of whole shrimp. FA composition of the whole body was generally affected by dietary lipid sources, especially dietary unsaturated FA.     

中药植物川牛膝基因组从头测序及分析

川牛膝是我国重要大宗药材,但近年来品质退化严重,品种真伪混杂。为深入研究川牛膝有效成分积累的分子基础,采用第二代测序技术利用Illumina Hi-seq 2000测序平台对川牛膝进行全基因组测序,使用AByss进行初步组装,得到一个包含大量基因组序列信息的数据集,并对其进行重复序列及编码序列注释。在该测序结果基础上,初步预测得到川牛膝体内甾体合成途径,并对鉴定川牛膝真伪的SCAR分子标记进行了初步定位,为研究川牛膝主要有效成分杯苋甾酮的合成途径,改良川牛膝品质提供了基础。     

黑土长期定位试验原状土搬迁对土壤微生物性质的影响

通过测定黑土长期定位试验原状土整体搬迁前后四种处理(CK、NPK、M、MNPK)土壤可培养微生物数量、土壤微生物量含量及土壤酶活性变化,探讨搬迁的特定条件对土壤微生物性质的影响。结果表明,1搬迁前后5年各处理三大类微生物数量、微生物量碳、氮含量和四种土壤酶活性在0~20 cm土层中均高于20~40 cm土层;2每年在两个土层中MNPK处理的三大类微生物数量和微生物量碳、氮含量均最高,CK处理均最低,而每年在两个土层中土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性CK和M处理均明显高于NPK和MNPK处理,而磷酸酶活性CK和M处理则低于NPK和MNPK处理,脲酶活性在4个处理中差异不大;3比较搬迁前后5年间各项微生物指标变化发现,各项指标年际间虽存在变化但程度不大,搬迁后2011年和2012年相对较高,同为小麦茬的搬迁前2010年和搬迁后2013年各项指标较为接近。研究说明,土壤深度和施肥对土壤各项生物指标影响较大,年际间变化也受到轮作方式的影响,搬迁对土壤微生物扰动影响远小于施肥和耕作方式等的影响。     

Physiological Effect of New FA Antitranspirant Application on Maize

The field trial was conducted to study physiological effect of new FA antitranspirant on maize.The new FA antitranspirant was sprayed at 10 d pre-tasseling, ear filling stage and 10 d pre-tasseling + earfilling stage, with the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml L-1. The results indicated that the appli-cation of new FA antitranspirant increased nitrate reductase activity (NRA), free proline content, chlorophyllcontent and water content of leaf, thus drought stress can be mitigated. The new FA antitranspirant increasedphotosynthesis rate and reduced transpiration rate, stimulated growth and reduced water loss. 10 d pre-tassel-ing + ear filling stage application had a cumulative effect on the indices compared with 10 d pre-tasseling andear filling stage, except for NRA. The new FA antitranspirant caused an increase of grain yield by 5.37 to29.58 % with different treatments. The optimal concentration is 1.5 ml L-1 , i.e. 75 g new FA antitranspirantdissolved in 50 kg water, and the optimal apply period is 10 d pre-tasseling ± ear filling stage.     

黑龙江省烤烟引种比较

为筛选出优质的烤烟品种在生产上推广应用,解决黑龙江烟区品种单一的问题,以 NC89为对照,对7个新引进的美国和巴西品种进行了田间比较试验。结果表明：（1） PVH2310成熟早,抗病性强,综合经济性状、原烟外观质量最好,产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例最高,与对照品种 NC89相比,烟叶产量提高5.41%,产值提高25.08%,均价提高24.16%,上等烟比例提高13.25个百分点,是一个产量、品质、抗性、适应性等重要性状间较为谐调兼顾的优良品种。（2）NC-YATAS-2综合经济性状和外观质量与对照 NC89相当。     

枣中糖测定的研究进展

综述了枣中糖的分离、提纯和测定的研究进展，并对目前研究存在的问题及以后的发展前景进行了讨论。     

猪副粘病毒感染的电镜诊断及病毒的分离

采用电镜负染技术对长春市某猪场病死仔猪的肠道内容物、肾脏、脾脏、肝脏、肺脏、脑等组织进行了观察.结果在肠道内容物中发现大量副粘病毒,同时在肾脏、肝脏和肺脏中也发现数量不等的副粘病毒,在脾脏和脑组织中未发现病毒粒子.取肾脏为病料,采用同步培养方法接种于PK细胞系进行病毒的分离培养.结果表明,电镜负染技术可对猪感染副粘病毒进行快速诊断,该方法操作程序简便,速度快,从取样到结果判定在1h之内即可完成.细胞分离培养结果证实此病例中的猪副粘病毒可在PK细胞中克隆增殖,并引起细胞典型的病变(CPE).     

五加异个木虱越冬代成虫田间动态与防治技术

五加异个木虱是危害短梗五加的专食性害虫,为掌握该害虫越冬代成虫的田间动态和防治技术,使用不同手段处理地面并悬挂黄色粘虫板诱捕成虫。结果显示:与未悬挂粘虫板的地块相比,悬挂粘虫板的自然状态、清理地面、覆盖地膜3种处理地块五加异个木虱虫瘿数量分别降低82.23%、93.19%、98.50%;在悬挂粘虫板的3种处理中,以覆盖地膜处理的防治效果最好。建议于越冬代成虫活动前,在田间清理地面枯枝落叶并覆盖地膜,以实现五加异个木虱的无公害防治。     

烟台市苹果病虫害监测预警系统的研发与应用

为提高苹果病虫害防治的科学性、准确性和及时性,以C#语言作为开发工具,以GPRS无线通讯技术、地理信息系统(GIS)和计算机网络技术为支撑,采用B/S体系结构,开发实现了烟台市主要苹果病虫害监测预警系统。通过将苹果病虫害数据库、预报模型数据库以及气象数据库进行有机结合,该系统能够将抽象的数据转化为直观易懂的电子地图,清晰明了地显示病虫害的空间分布规律及发生程度。实践表明,该系统能对烟台市主要苹果病虫害提供方便有效的监测预警服务。     

苦瓜皂苷和多糖的连续提取工艺及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

 【目的】建立超声-微波法连续提取苦瓜皂苷和多糖的优化工艺,并评价其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。【方法】采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化超声-微波法连续提取苦瓜中皂苷和多糖的工艺条件,采用4-硝基酚-2-D吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)法测定皂苷和多糖提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率。【结果】以含水质量分数13%的苦瓜干为原料,先提取皂苷后提取多糖的条件为,将其粉碎至200目后,以体积分数75%乙醇为溶剂,料液比     1﹕18,超声-微波协同萃取（50 W,20 kHz）16 min,在该条件下,皂苷提取率达2.51%。提取皂苷后的残渣,继续以水为溶剂,料液比1﹕14,pH 8.0,时间23 min,温度84℃,超声-微波协同萃取（50 W,20 kHz）20 min,多糖提取率达12.86%。苦瓜皂苷和多糖提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有不同程度的抑制作用,其IC50 分别为1.03 mg•mL-1和10.73 mg•mL-1,苦瓜皂苷的抑制效果显著强于多糖的（P＜0.05）。【结论】采用超声-微波协同作用连续提取苦瓜皂苷和多糖工艺,可有效利用原料、提高产出和效率,所得苦瓜皂苷和多糖提取物对α-糖苷酶均表现抑制作用,显示一定的降糖潜力。