武汉设施蔬菜尾菜资源化利用现状及对策

基于设施蔬菜在蔬菜产业中的主导地位,分析武汉设施蔬菜生产现状、尾菜资源化利用现状及存在的问题,并提出加强宣传、建立尾菜资源化利用技术体系、制订扶持政策、建立长效机制的发展对策,为有效开展设施蔬菜尾菜资源化利用提供参考.     

14个多年生牧草品种在川西北高寒牧区适应性研究

采用田间小区方法,以2014~2017年在四川省甘孜州道孚县乾宁种畜场对早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、雀麦(Bromus inermis)、猫尾草(Phleum pratense)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)共14个品种同期播种,连续4年进行田间观察和产草量测定。结果表明:在川西北地区种植的14个牧草品种细茎冰草因越冬率低,不适应当地环境,在2016年低全部死亡,其余13个草品种都可安全越冬,正常生长,但不同品种产草量差异显著或极显著。从产量总趋势分析,诺言猫尾草、乌苏1号无芒雀麦、热销多年生黑麦草、新速Ⅱ多年生黑麦草、三得利紫花苜蓿等5个品种产量较高,值得在本区生产上应用推广。     

Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events.[Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons.Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment.Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis.[Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated,soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay ＋ silt proportion due to a wider textural range,better than sole clay content.Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay ＋ silt content in maintaining carbon.Clay content explained 12％-41％ and 14％-43％ of variation via linear and exponential functions,respectively.Accordingly,clay ＋ silt content explained 47％-65％ and 46％-70％.[Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation.For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges,it is robust to adapt clay ＋ silt content as dependent variable and exponential function.The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.     

五指山市乔木林动态变化特征分析

为了了解五指山市乔木林的空间分布特征,掌握主要林分因子的发展趋势,结合海南省五指山市四期森林资源连续清查数据,运用ArcGIS10.0、SPSS软件,对五指山市连续15 a乔木林地的变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)乔木林为五指山市主要的用地类型,且数目逐年增加;(2)乔木林分主要分布在海拔在500~1 000 m、坡度在15°~35°之间向阳的空间范围内;(3)平均年龄为28.54,平均树高为11.41 m,平均胸径为13.46 m,平均每亩蓄积为8.86 m3,平均郁闭度为0.609。从龄组结构来看,大多属于中龄林与幼龄林,处于正演替阶段。     

他感作用及其林学意义与思考

在全面介绍他感作用研究历史、概念和研究现状的基础上,分析认为苗圃育苗失败、边行优势、小老树、散生树种、林网胁地、干旱半干旱地区造林成活率保存率双低等常见林学问题,都是他感作用的结果,或其重要因素之一。结合相关论述,提供铅笔柏受群众杨他感抑制的一则实例,提出挥发性他感物质改变茎尖向性生长可能是一种他感作用形式,以及植物吐水作为他感物质释放的可能途径。从植物次生代谢和进化角度进一步阐释他感作用,结合植物生物学特点,分析认为他感作用是植物的攻击性防御手段,其效能强度依次为抑制竞争者种子萌发、根尖生长、茎尖生长、侧芽萌发、全株生长和种子生产。     

Ultrastructural impairment of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. The expression of insulin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in islet microvessels was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The ultrastructural changes of islet β cells and islet microvessels were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of islet β cells, ratio of β cells/α cells, average number of secretory granules in β cells and insulin expression area per islet in diabetic group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Besides, diabetic group had fewer microvessels with lower expression of CD31 (P<0.01). Mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in diabetic group were swelling. The basement membrane of islet microvessels became thicker in diabetic group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Islet microvascular endothelial cells were impaired in type 1 diabetic mice.