福建省花生青枯病菌致病型及生物型的测定

从采自福建 10个县 (市 )花生青枯病株标样中 ,分离出花生青枯病原菌菌株 72个 .对其中有代表性的15个菌株进行致病型测定 ,2 9个菌株进行生理生化测定 .供试菌株在鉴别寄主上的致病反应表明 ,福建省的花生青枯病菌属于致病型 和 ,其中以致病型 为主 .对乳糖、麦芽糖、纤维二糖、甘露醇、山梨醇和甜醇的利用能力以及对硝酸盐的还原作用表明 ,除晋江菌株的硝酸盐还原作用不产生气泡 ,定为生物型 - 4 ,同安菌株由于不利用三糖而利用三醇定为生物型 外 ,供测的其他菌株都属于生物型     

福建中、晚稻主栽品种(组合)抗瘟性研究

对福建省２３个中、晚稻主栽品种进行了两年苗期人工接种在病区４个鉴定点采取田间自然艉发对叶瘟和惠颈瘟的鉴定,综合评定为中抗以上的品种有荆糯６号、汕优１０号、特优６８９、汕优７０、特优７０、汕优明８６等６个品种;根据抗谱分析,汕优１０号抗性最强、抗谱最广,其次为荆糯６号、特优６８９,后３个品种抗性较弱,抗谱较窄。文中对２ａ抗性鉴定不一致的品种以发病重的一年代表该品种的抗性作了论证;分析了２ａ抽穗期降雨     

蔬菜保护地土壤对外源钾的固定特征研究

对蔬菜保护土地壤的固钾特征进行了研究,结果表明土壤的固钾率随着土壤速效钾含量的提高和钾素施入量的增加逐渐降低．土壤用于保护地蔬菜栽培以后,速效钾含量明显提高,同时土壤对钾素固定率也随之降低．铵离子可以替代钾离子而被土壤粘土矿物固定,铵离子和钾离子等浓度存在时土壤的固钾率仅是钾离子单独存在时的二分之一,当这两种离子的浓度分别达到300．0μg·g-1时,施入土壤中钾素的固定率降低到50％以下,最低的只有27．7％。因此,在蔬菜保护地条件下,为避免钾素的淋失和土壤溶液浓度的提高,应提倡钾肥与铵态氮化肥分施和钾肥分次施用。     

水稻白叶枯病菌拮抗细菌B56菌株的拮抗活性研究

B56 菌株经30 ℃振荡培养去菌体,其上清液经2 m ol/L 硫酸铵沉淀获得对水稻白叶枯病菌有拮抗活性的初提液。该初提液具有耐热性,经一定强度热处理后仍保持强的抑菌能力;抑菌效果在pH3～9 之间无明显差异;用胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K 等处理后拮抗活性无明显变化。利用PhenylSepharose CL-4B疏水色谱柱和DEAE-Sephacel阴离子交换柱分离B56 菌株初提液, 得到一个具有拮抗活性的洗脱峰。该洗脱峰经SDS-PAGE检测发现具有一条分子量约为36 kD 的蛋白带。质粒提取和检测发现B56菌株存在一个稳定的内源质粒。     

畜禽育种中便携交互式遗传参数计算器软件的开发与应用

[目的]利用计算机面向对象的程序设计思想,设计一套比较完整、操作便捷、结果可靠的遗传参数估计软件,满足普通育种工作者和中小型畜禽场一般育种工作需要.[方法]采用C#6.0语言和B/S架构进行软件设计,开发一套遗传参数计算器并通过网页发布.[结果]目前,该遗传参数计算器软件版本V1.0拥有遗传力模块、遗传相关模块、重复力...     

Genetic Diversity of Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff. ) Detected by SSLP Markers

The genetic diversity of Dongxiang wild rice populations was evaluated by using 14 SSR primerpairs. Twelve of the primer pairs amplified polymorphic bands. A total of 70 polymorphic DNA bands weregenerated with average 5. 83 polymorphic bands per primer pair, indicating that the genetic diversity ofDongxiang wild rice was high. Cluster analysis showed that there were highly variant individuals within andamong populations, while others were highly similar to each other. The within-population genetic distanceswere 0.23 - 0.47, being smaller than 0.40 - 0.55 of among-population. Strict management must be taken forthe preservation of Dongxiang wild rice.     

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.     

红麻灰霉菌生物学特性及其交叉感染

测定温度、光照、营养、pH对红麻灰霉菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长、产孢,以及湿度对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明,该菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长和产孢的适宜温度为20-22℃;孢子宜在水滴和水膜中萌发,孢子悬浮在红麻叶汁液中能显著提高萌发率;持续强光照可抑制菌丝生长和产孢,黑暗利于孢子萌发和菌丝生长.该菌在6种培养基上以PSA生长和产孢最佳.孢子萌发、菌丝生长和产孢以pH5-7为宜.从孢子侵入寄主的影响因素和菌核特性试验可以看出,该病在孢子含量为103-107个·mL-1范围时,其潜育期随孢子含量的提高而缩短;在相对湿度为100%下,用孢子叶汁悬液对叶片伤口喷雾接种能明显缩短潜育期.菌核埋入土层愈深萌发率愈低,夹在麻杆中的菌核皆能萌发.不同寄主灰霉菌交叉接种测定显示,红麻灰霉菌对莴苣、黄瓜、韭菜和蕹菜的健株不致病,反之,莴苣、蕹菜灰霉菌对红麻尤其是受伤的植株能致病.     

水稻乳苗抛栽与其它栽培方式干物质生产特性的比较研究

对水稻乳苗抛栽和手插秧、抛秧、水直播的干物积累与分配进行了分析。结果表明，不同群体经济产量与总干物质积累量、抽穗期至灌浆期的干物质积累速度之间的正相关达极显著水平，与抽穗前干物质积累量的正相关未达显著水平，与抽穗后的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关。水稻乳苗抛栽干物质积累速度低，抽穗灌浆期至成熟期绿叶和茎鞘干重比例较高，抽穗后干物质积累量低。