鸡贫血病毒荷兰弱毒株基因序列比较研究

用ＣＡ５、ＣＡ６和ＣＡ７、ＣＡ８两对引物对鸡贫血病毒荷兰弱毒株进行ＰＣＲ扩增。将扩增产物１．５ｋｂ和０．８ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段分别克隆到ＰＵＣ１１９、ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ载体质粒中,并进行核苷酸序列分析。通过与２６Ｐ４毒株进行核苷酸序列比较发现二者有３２个核苷酸的差异。荷兰和２６Ｐ４两毒株间ＶＰＩ蛋白质同源率为９７％,没有发生特异性变化;ＶＰ３蛋白质同源率为９５％,在Ｉ￣３０个氨基酸之间发生了特异性     

传染性法氏囊病病毒变异E株对法氏囊生长发育的影响

本试验全面而系统地观察了传染性法氏囊病病毒变异Ｅ株,通过泄殖腔、鼻腔和尿囊腔接种雏鸡和鸡胚后不同时间法氏囊的组织形态学变化。结果表明,病毒感染后１２～４８小时,雏鸡法囊粘膜上皮细胞肿胀、坏死脱落,淋巴滤泡髓质部及皮质部淋巴细胞不同程度变性、坏死、排空,形成腺管样结构或囊状空泡,接毒后７２～１４４小时,法氏囊淋巴滤泡淋巴细胞坏死排空,淋巴滤泡萎缩,网状结缔组织大量增生,而胚胎发育时期,法氏囊粘膜上皮肿胀变性,法氏囊淋巴滤泡形成延迟或不完整,淋巴滤泡内淋巴细胞缺乏或空虚。探讨了传染性法氏囊病病毒对胚胎发育时期的雏鸡发育时期法氏囊生长发育的影响。     

黔南扁穗雀麦原种生产技术

从直接育种繁殖原种、三圃法生产原种、二圃法生产原种3方面介绍黔南扁穗雀麦原种繁育技术,为该品种推广提供参考。     

百喜草的特性与应用前景

研究与应用实践证明,百喜草(Paspalum notatum Flugge)这种原产于南美地区的多年生禾草,具有较广泛的生态适应性和较强的抗逆性,在保持水土、改良土壤、生态修复以及用作草坪草和牧草等方面都有良好的效益。百喜草作为一个外来植物,引种到我国南方地区栽培,不仅表现出较显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,而且其引种和栽培完全可以人为控制,不会产生外来物种入侵风险,因而值得大力推广应用。     

白花蛇舌草多糖提取与纯化工艺研究进展

白花蛇舌草多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗菌等多种生物活性。目前,白花蛇舌草多糖的提取方法有超声波法、微波法、热水提取法等,此外,其纯化主要体现在脱蛋白、除色素等。笔者等就近年来国内的白花蛇舌草多糖提取与纯化的研究进展进行综述,并对其提取与纯化方法进行展望。     

猕猴A群链球菌感染的调查与控制

2002年3月—2003年4月，广东某地多个猕猴养殖场猕猴发生传染性肺炎和出血性胃肠炎，部分猕猴因此而死亡。经病原学检查，证实病原主要为A群链球菌，2个养殖场为A群链球球和普通变形杆菌混合感染。通过使用恩诺沙星治疗发病动物、使用链球菌灭活疫苗进行免疫、场舍定期消毒，有效地控制了疾病。现报道如下。     

Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.     

Effects of Oxytropis glabra DC Poisoning on the Reproductive Organs in Hetian Sheep Ewes

The study was aimed to research the effects of Oxytropis glabra DC (O.glabra DC) poisoning on reproductive organs coefficent, reproductive performance and related gene expression in Hetian sheep ewes. The sera, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of Hetian sheep ewes cases poisoning of O. glabra DC were collected, the organ exponent and contents of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum were measured, then the mRNA expression of reproductive genes were measured. The result demonstrated that the index of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were extremely significantly higher than normal sheep (P < 0.01),the follicle number on the surface of the ovaries in poisoning groups were significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.05). The result of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nuclear of neuronal cells in hypothalamus were pyknosis and hyperchromatic; The nuclear of cells in pituitary deformation and hyperchromatic, cytoplasm decreased; The primary oocyte in ovary dissolved, disappeared, interstitial blood vessel expanded. The content of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum in poisoned Hetian sheep ewes were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression levels of Kiss-1, GPR54, ERα in hypothalamus, GnRHR in pituitary and FSHR and LHR in ovary were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The result showed that O. glabra DC poisoning could affect Hetian sheep ewes reproductive system by affecting microstructure and ultrastructure of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis.     

牛TLR4基因的遗传多态性与乳房炎的关联分析

TLR4通过识别病原体而激活免疫细胞，在先天免疫和适应性免疫防御中起着重要作用。以中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛共397头为研究对象，利用创造酶切位点PCR法扩增243bp的目的片段，通过限制性内切酶HinfⅠ酶切来检测TLR4第3外显子的多态性，结果发现扩增产物的27bp处C到T的突变使得多态位点产生，编码的氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸。A、B2个等位基因在3个群体中均有分布，A等位基因占优势（大于78％），经χ^2适合性检验，三河牛在该位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05）。运用SAS8．2软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型，将该基因座不同基因型与奶牛乳房炎进行了关联分析，结果表明：AA基因型为乳房炎抗性基因型（P〈0．05），A等位基因为乳房炎抗性的有利基因。     

添喂葵花籽油对山羊瘤胃消化代谢与瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究亚油酸底物葵花籽油对山羊瘤胃消化代谢和瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响,以5只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的雌性成年徐淮白山羊为试验动物,采用自身对照设计,对照期和试验期（添喂葵花籽油7 mL/d）各15 d,低精料日粮常规饲养。每期结束后采集瘤胃液进行分析。结果表明,添喂葵花籽油后,瘤胃液pH无显著变化;而氨氮（NH3-N）水平和TVFA显著升高（P〈0.05）;乙、丙酸含量显著增加（P〈0.05）,而乙、丙、丁酸比例（C2＋C4）/C3比值和微生物粗蛋白（MCP）均无明显变化;（C18∶1）和c9,t11-CLA（P〈0.05）浓度均明显升高。表明在山羊日粮中添加一定量的葵花籽油,可在不改变瘤胃发酵类型和不影响瘤胃微生物本身的情况下促进瘤胃消化代谢,调节瘤胃液脂肪酸组成。