Frequencies of the M918I mutation in the sodium channel of the diamondback moth in China, Thailand and Japan and its association with pyrethroid resistance

In addition to the allele frequencies of the L1014F and T929I mutations which are involved in nerve-insensitive resistance to a pyrethroid, those of the M918I mutation were examined using field strains obtained in China, Thailand, and Japan during 2009-2011. Results show that the resistance allele frequencies at the L1014F site were 89-100%, 97-100% and 65-85%, respectively, for strains in China, Thailand, and Japan. The respective allele frequencies at the T929I site were 86-100%, 70-97% and 58-84% for Chinese, Thai, and Japanese strains. With low frequencies up to 27%, M918I was found in Japan and China, but not in Thailand. The strain homozygous for the M918I and L1014F mutations was established and its resistance level to a pyrethroid was examined. The strain lacks a portion of the sodium channel gene corresponding to the 3′ portion of exon 18a, intron 18, and the 5′ portion of exon 18b. Nevertheless, the strain showed a similar level of resistance to that which was homozygous for the T929I and L1014F mutations.     

Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, Ochotona curzoniae, in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

BACKGROUND: Plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae , Hodgson, 1858) are viewed as a pest in the Tibetan Plateau meadow ecosystem when their population densities are high. Traditional culling using rodenticides often poses a high risk to non‐target species and even to humans. In this study, an investigation was made of the infertility effects of quinestrol (E), levonorgestrel (P) and a combination of the two (EP, ratio E:P = 1:2) on plateau pikas during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Treatment with E or EP significantly decreased the pregnancy rate of female pikas in 2007. In 2008, there was a cross‐year effect that still suppressed male reproduction in treated groups. Treatment with E obviously reduced the reproduction of pikas but not their population abundance in 2007; the reduction in population size was significant in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: Single baiting of quinestrol in early breeding season reduced the reproduction and population size of pikas throughout 2007. The effect of infertility lasted into the next breeding season through a cross‐year effect, which resulted in a significant reduction of population size in 2008. Quinestrol is a very promising non‐lethal approach to managing pika populations; however, several factors need to be investigated further to improve the practicality of this method. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

品种、培养基质和接种量对马铃薯脱毒基础苗生长的影响

以马铃薯早熟品种大西洋、中熟品种克新1号、晚熟品种青薯168脱毒基础苗为试验材料,研究品种、培养基质和接种量对马铃薯脱毒基础苗苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长和根条数等性状指标的影响,培养14 d时,测定各性状指标。结果表明:三个品种的主要农艺性状均在液体培养基上表现为最佳,其平均单株鲜重、干重、株高、茎粗、节长和根条数分别为:159.4 mg、9.1 mg、7.3 cm、1.16 mm、1.4 cm、5.6条。在液体培养基上,降低了马铃薯工厂化生产成本,同时还可缩短马铃薯脱毒基础苗培养时间7~9 d。接种量对马铃薯单株根鲜重、苗干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长有显著性影响(P<0.05);不同成熟期品种苗鲜重、根鲜重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长和根条数受品种影响显著(P<0.05);不同成熟期品种、不同接种密度处理对马铃薯单株根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长影响有显著性交互作用(P<0.05);早熟品种大西洋,接种密度为0.67株/cm2时,中熟品种克新1号和晚熟品种青薯168接种密度为0.80株/cm2时,综合农艺性状表现最好。     

昆虫病原线虫抗干燥能力研究

对１５种２４个品系的昆虫病原线虫进行抗干燥能力研究,结果表明,昆虫病原线虫种类不同,其抗干燥能力也不同。在２５℃、相对湿度５０．５％的小空间控制器中处理９小时后,Ｓｔｅｉｎ┐ｅｒｎｅｍａｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ仍具有较高的存活率,其余种类几乎全部死亡。同一种线虫的不同品系,其抗干燥能力也存在差异。在Ｓ．ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ的４个品系Ａ２４、Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ、ＣＢ┐１６和Ｍｅｘ中,ＣＢ┐１６具有较高的抗干燥能力,经干燥处理后其存活率最高,达８５．３％,加水复苏后的线虫对大蜡螟的致死率为１００％,侵入率高达１９．９％％。     

云南番茄褪绿病毒和菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒复合侵染番茄的分子鉴定

正菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus是双生病毒科Geminiviridae中病毒种类最多且最具经济毁灭性的病毒属(Martelli et al.,2011)。云南省楚雄州元谋县是我国重要反季节蔬菜种植基地,番茄是该县主要的反季节种植蔬菜,由于气候条件适宜,该地区番茄受菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒危害严重。近年来     

皖南山区稻秆潜蝇的发生为害与防治措施

池州市位于皖南山区,辖石台等3县1区。2002年前本市无稻秆潜蝇(Chlorops oryzae Matsumura)发生为害的记录,安徽省也未见有关稻秆潜蝇发生为害的报道。2002年5月,石台县植保站在病虫害调查中,发现中稻秧苗出现1种新的被害症状,有害虫蛀入秧苗茎内,     

应用数学模型模拟水稻细菌性条斑病发生动态

本文介绍了影响水稻稳产、高产的主要病害--水稻细菌性条斑病,并应用数学模型模拟该病的发展动态,直观地反映了该病的病情走势,对于分析其发展过程,及时进行防治具有重要意义.     

黄土高原梯田质量评价系统设计研究

针对黄土高原的自然环境条件,提出了梯田质量评价的指标体系、评价系统的设计原则及方法。探讨了梯田质量评价系统的主要模块,研究了梯田数据库的结构及主要内容,利用VisualBasic6．0与MapX5．0相结合,开发了黄土高原梯田质量评价信患系统,实现了属性信息与空间信患的相互查询、统计分析以及对梯田质量进行评价。本系统的建立能够对梯田建设与管理提供科学依据,为黄土高原水土保持工作提供基础资料,具有一定的社会和经济效益。     

江西灯蛾科昆虫名录

本文报道江西灯蛾科昆虫种类,共计158种,分隶3亚科、59属,其中2种江西新记录,并将每种的分布及寄主分别进行记述。     

冻融作用下地下水浅埋区土壤盐分及离子变化特征

冻融作用是地下水浅埋区土壤盐渍化的重要原因之一,了解其对土壤盐分及离子变化的影响对土壤盐渍化防治具有重要意义。为探究冻融作用下土壤盐分及离子的分布及变化规律,以太谷均衡实验站地中蒸渗仪系统为试验设备,结合野外和室内试验分析了2020—2021年冻融期内6种不同地下水埋深下土壤剖面水分、可溶性盐分及离子含量的变化特征以及冻结层在冻融过程中对土壤盐分运移的影响,并采用灰色关联法分析了土壤含盐量与离子间的关联度。结果表明：（1）蒸渗仪土壤中以Na⁺、Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-及Cl^-为主,土壤含盐量与Na⁺和HCO₃^-极显著相关,与Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-和Cl^-显著相关。（2）冻结层在整个冻融过程中对于Ca²⁺和Cl^-变化影响较小,对Na