1125肥药双效剂对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响

研究了 112 5植物保护剂在小麦拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期喷施稀释 15 0×、30 0×、45 0×、6 0 0×、75 0×液后 ,对其生长发育的影响。结果表明 :112 5可增加小麦茎粗 ,促进叶绿素的合成 ,增加叶面积、延长叶片功能期 ,增加穗粒数、千粒重 ,提高灌浆速度 ,降低小麦白粉病的发病率 ,产量比对照增加 1.32 %～ 9.80 % ,以喷施 30 0×液处理的小麦产量最高 ,与对照的差异性达到了极显著水平 ,其次是喷施 45 0×液的处理 ,与对照的差异性达到了显著水平。     

车辆双离合器自动变速传动技术研究进展分析

双离合器式自动变速从根本上解决了电控机械式自动变速存在的切断动力换挡问题,极大地提高了换挡舒适性,保证了车辆具有良好的动力性与换挡特性.分析了双离合器自动变速传动的工作原理和典型结构,干式单片离合器和湿式多片离合器的结构特点,并对双离合器自动变速传动系统的换挡控制、离合器控制等关键控制问题进行了分析.     

精准农业土壤采样栅格划分方法的研究

针对精准农业技术应用的日益普及,通过对一个地块土壤养分进行详细栅格采样分析,利用计算机插值的方法对土壤中各种营养元素和微量元素进行了分析。在采样栅格大小不同的条件下,随机选择5个采样点进行插值,分析了5个采样点在不同栅格采样条件下的插值结果。通过插值计算得到土壤中的全氮、速效氮和速效磷随着采样栅格的加大,插值点处的插值误差呈现出加大的趋势,但对于速效钾和其他的微量元素则呈现出与之不同的结论,采样点在田间的分布将直接影响计算机插值计算的分析结果     

对虾病原菌2—5B菌株16SrRNA基因片段的克隆和序列测定

用引物ＰＬ１－ＰＬ２ＰＣＲ扩增对虾病原菌－坎普氏弧菌２－５Ｂ菌株１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因－１２２３ｂｐ的片段，采用ｐＵＣ１９质粒构建ｄＴ载体法完成该片段的克隆。部分序列测定及分析结果表明，该菌株与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中坎普氏弧菌标准株序列之间同源性为９６．９４％。     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

溶藻胶弧菌脂多糖对大菱鲆白细胞吞噬活性的影响

针对溶藻胶弧菌脂多糖在增强大菱鲆非特异性免疫功能、提高机体抗病能力方面的作用机理,开展了研究工作。实验中以浓度为2．4mg／ml 溶藻胶弧菌脂多糖,通过口服和注射的方式接种平均体重47．2g 大菱鲆幼鱼,接种后第7、15、 30天,分别采血根据血细胞吞噬作用检测结果计算吞噬百分比和吞噬指数。结果显示,溶藻胶弧菌脂多糖对白细胞吞噬活性有明显促进作用,在增强白细胞的吞噬能力方面作用不显著。     

淡水鲳对九种常用鱼药的敏感性试验

本文报告了敌百虫、孔雀石绿、硝酸亚汞、漂白粉、呋喃唑酮、生石灰和食盐等常用鱼药对淡水鲳的安金浓度依次为0.028ppm、0.0312ppm、0.0865ppm、0.699ppm、16.22 ppm、19.5 ppm、1040 ppm。淡水鲳分别在亚甲基蓝2.1 ppm,硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)5.6ppm药液中浸浴240小时,未见异常反应。     

水稻感染细菌性条斑病后叶片中酚类物质的变化

用细菌性条斑病病菌接种４个抗性水平不同的水稻品种，分析水稻幼苗叶片的总酚及黄酮类化合物含量．结果表明：各品种的对照健叶的总酚及黄酮类化合物含量虽有一定的差异，但与品种抗病性无关；接菌后病叶中总酚、黄酮类化合物含量均高于相应品种的对照健叶．在抗病品种中的总酚、黄酮类化合物在发病早期增加迅速，而感病品种中的则在发病早期变化不大，到后期才有较大积累．接菌后，抗病品种与感病品种主要酚类物质的种类相同，共４种，其中２种为黄酮类化合物．抗病品种酚类物质各组分的同体积分离液对细菌性条斑病菌的抑菌作用比感病品种大，尤其是黄酮类化合物的抑菌作用更强     

Using ecological indicators in the context of an ecosystem approach to fisheries for data-limited fisheries

The tenets of ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) now occupy centre stage in our efforts to maintain the sustainability of fisheries and rebuild marine ecosystems. The paper discusses how an EAF can be adopted for data limited fisheries and uses the northern South China Sea fishery as an example to demonstrate the selection and use of indicators for determining the states of the fishery and its relevant ecosystem to provide advice on management. Implementing EAF management requires indicators and models that address the impact of fishing across entire ecological communities and determine management actions to be taken to achieve the preset objectives according to decision rules. Data limited fisheries necessarily have limited resources for data collection and scientific studies and therefore could not support complex models. To overcome the data limitation and absence of modelling support, simple indicators have to be used to assess the current state and monitor changes of the fishery and its ecosystem. Such indicators should: (1) be observable and understandable by all stakeholders, (2) be based on easily obtainable and reliable data, (3) adequately reflect the condition of the resource, and (4) have associated reference values and responsive management measures. The paper also reviews the recent development and use of indicators and harvest strategies in both conventional and EAF management to better understand the differences and to shed light on the challenges of EAF, in particular for data limited fisheries.     

射流式鱼泵输送草鱼的性能研究

为了分析射流式鱼泵输送草鱼的性能及其损伤因素,文章设计了一台喉管直径为60 mm的射流式鱼泵,开展了草鱼输送实验,并采用高速摄影和计算流体力学方法进行了研究。结果显示,该射流式鱼泵在扬程2.24m时最高草鱼输送能力达918 kg·h~(-1),其所需水功率为2.83 k W。进一步的检测表明,部分实验鱼有鳞片脱落的情况,但未出现游泳异常,解剖后也未发现内脏受损等情况;实验鱼在过泵后呼吸频率及部分血液指标存在明显变化,但在24 h内基本可以恢复。数值模拟和高速摄影方法分析得出,剪切层是造成实验鱼泵内鳞片脱落的主要原因,撞击伤是由内流偏转诱导实验鱼撞击泵内壁面产生的,包含压力梯度在内的水力因素都可能使实验鱼产生应激反应。但由于鱼类在泵内时间极短,上述因素都不会致实验鱼死亡。