果实采后病害诱导抗性研究进展

对果实采后病害诱导抗性的诱导子及其可能的诱抗机制进行了综述,阐述了利用生物激发子和非生物激发子等诱导果实抗病的方法进行果实采后病害生物防治的可能性以及当前利用激发子的种类、特征、诱导抗性的机理,提出了果实采后病害诱导抗性研究存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

江淮易旱丘陵棉花节本高效综合栽培体系研究

针对安徽省江淮丘陵地区土层瘠薄,涵养水肥能力弱,多灾易旱,大部分地区植棉技术水平低,管理粗放,棉花单产低,植棉效益不高等状况,开展以棉花节本、高效为中心,进行包括棉花品种筛选、简化栽培、抗旱节水栽培、平衡施肥、病虫草害综合防治技术等研究,最后将研究成果与已有技术组装配套,建立了以简化栽培、抗旱节水栽培为主体的节本高效的综合栽培技术体系,该栽培体系在安徽省江淮丘陵地区推广应用已达5.8万公顷,棉花单产和植棉综合效益及资源利用率大大提高,节约了生产成本,为实现农业增长方式的根本转变探索出了新的途径。     

4种雀稗种子萌发期耐盐性的测定

用不同浓度的盐溶液处理4种雀稗种子,以研究不同盐浓度对各种雀稗种子相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚芽、相对胚根的影响。结果表明,低盐浓度处理对部分雀稗种子萌发、胚芽、胚根的生长和发芽势都有一定的促进作用;随着盐处理浓度增高,发芽率和发芽势呈下降趋势,胚芽、胚根的生长也受到抑制,但也有例外。不同浓度的盐胁迫下雀稗种子的适应情况不同,同一雀稗种子在萌发时对不同盐浓度的适应情况也不同。     

The neuroprotective effect of submicron and blended Lycium barbarum for experiment retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of submicron (milled) and blended Lycium barbarum (LB) in glaucomatous retinal neuropathy using a rat model of high intraocular pressure (HIOP) induced retinal ischemia. The rats were treated with 500, 250, 100 mg/kg LB (submicron or blended form) orally once daily for 56 days respectively after 1 week of retinal ischemia induction. We conducted electroretinography (ERG), histopathological analysis in retina and antioxidative level assays, such as total glutathione (GSH (glutathione) + reduced glutathione) + GSSH (glutathione disulfide), catalase activity, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, and lipid peroxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) in the retina and plasma of test rats. The results indicated that the amplitudes of a and b wave of ERG were preserved in rats treated with submicron and blended LB groups, the best protective effect on ERG b wave amplitudes was observed at the dosage of 250 mg/kg of both forms of LB. Retinal thickness was best preserved, particularly significant in the retinal inner nuclear layer in submicron 250 mg/kg LB group. The levels of antioxidant GSSH+GSH, SOD and catalase activity in the retina were higher in blended 500 mg/kg and submicron 250 mg/kg groups than other groups, while the MDA level was lower in submicron LB groups than that in blended LB and non-LB IR group. In the plasma, there was no significant difference in the levels of GSSH+GSH and catalase activity between treated groups, but higher levels of SOD and lower levels of MDA were observed in 250 mg/kg submicron and 500 mg/kg submicron LB groups than the blended LB and non-LB IR groups. Generally better antioxidative effects were observed in the submicron LB than blended LB among treated groups, especially the 250 mg/kg submicron LB, providing good retinal neuroprotection by preserving retinal structure and function with improved antioxidative capacity. The submicron LB may have clinical implication as an adjuvant therapy of oxidative stress and retinal damage caused by HIOP induced retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE,PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY,AND RENAL RESISTIVE INDEX IN DOGS

The renal resistive index (RI) value of 0.73 has been proposed as the upper limit in normal adult dogs. In humans, changes in RI with age are associated with plasma renin activity. There are relatively few equivalent reference data for dogs. We obtained reference RI data from 22 clinically healthy dogs <4 months of age and 33 healthy dogs between 4 months and 7 years of age. An association between the RI and plasma renin activity was investigated. The mean RI in the older dogs was 0.65 ± 0.05 vs. 0.75 ± 0.05 in dogs <4 months of age. The mean plasma renin activity in the older dogs was 1.18 ± 1.03 vs. 4.23 ± 3.09 ng/ml/h in dogs <4 months of age. There was a weak linear relationship between the RI and plasma renin activity (r²=0.280, P<0.01) in dogs <4 months of age. Also in these younger dogs, RI was negatively correlated with age (r²=0.682, P<0.01). The RI was higher in dogs <4 months of age than in older dogs. Therefore, the mean renal RI is slightly higher in young dogs than reported for an older population and interpretation of the RI must include an assessment of patient age.     

Photo-identification comparison of four Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin populations off southeast China

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) inhabit shallow coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific region including southeast China, with at least 6 putative populations identified to date in Chinese waters. However, the connectivity among these populations has not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we compared and cross-matched photographic catalogs of individual dolphins collected to date in the Pearl River Delta region, Leizhou Bay, Sanniang Bay, and waters southwest of Hainan Island, a total of 3158 individuals, and found no re-sighting of individual dolphins among the 4 study areas. Furthermore, there was a notable difference in the pigmentation pattern displayed by individuals from these 4 regions. We suggest that this may be a phenotypical expression of fine-scale regional differentiation among humpback dolphin groups, possibly distinct populations. Given the considerable conservation management implications it may carry (e.g. definition of management units), further research is much needed.     

禽流感病毒的分子生物学研究进展

禽流感是一种主要感染禽类的烈性传染病,能引起巨大的经济损失。该病也能传染人,因此,对禽流感病毒的研究已成为一大热点。目前研究的重点主要集中在其病毒的分子生物学方面,以期能更有效地防制本病。文章从基因组及其编码的蛋白质、病毒毒力、毒力变异、基因疫苗和诊断技术等方面系统论述了禽流感病毒的分子生物学方面的研究进展,为进一步研制禽流感病毒基因工程疫苗及诊断制品,预防该病提供了理论基础。     

Influence of Early Quantitative Feed Restriction on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Genetic selection in meat-type chickens has pro- vided the industry with flocks which reach the target slaughter weight in a shorter period of time. The in- crease in growth rate of modern broiler hybrids has been associated with increased fat deposition[…     

长牡蛎与海豆芽外套膜细胞超微结构的比较观察

以软体动物中贝壳成分为碳酸钙的长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和腕足动物中贝壳成分为磷酸钙的鸭嘴海豆芽(Lingula anatina)为研究对象,借助组织学和透射电镜方法,分别对两个物种外套膜边缘区域和中央区域的细胞进行超微结构观察,发现长牡蛎和鸭嘴海豆芽外套膜中的细胞类型均包含柱状表皮细胞、电子稠密粒细胞和电子透明粒细胞,但是两个物种的柱状表皮细胞类型以及分泌细胞的内含物各不相同。长牡蛎柱状表皮细胞包括3类,主要分布在外套膜边缘区域的A型、主要分布在外套膜中央区域的B型以及很少存在的C型,细胞大小为7～15μm。海豆芽柱状表皮细胞则分为A’型、B’型和C’型,细胞大小为10～15μm。两个物种的分泌细胞都包含电子稠密粒细胞和电子透明粒细胞,海豆芽还包括一类含有板层小体的特殊分泌细胞。上述结果在一定程度上可以解释两者贝壳组成成分的差异,从而为研究腕足动物和软体动物贝壳的形成机制和矿化作用提供借鉴。