少耕秸秆覆盖对小麦间作玉米棵间蒸发的影响研究

在河西绿洲灌区,通过大田试验,研究了前茬小麦25cm高茬收割免耕(T0S1)、25cm高等量秸秆覆盖免耕(T0S2)、25cm高等量秸秆翻压(TS3)和低茬收割翻耕(TS0)对后茬小麦、玉米的单作和间作群体耗水量和棵间蒸发的影响,以期为通过优化小麦间作玉米的秸秆管理、提高水分利用率提供理论依据。结果表明,秸秆覆盖可降低作物群体的总棵间蒸发量,与未覆盖处理相比,秸秆覆盖小麦间作玉米的棵间总蒸发量降低了4.7%~8.9%,单作小麦棵间总蒸发量降低了4.8%~11.2%。间作群体的棵间蒸发主要发生在小麦收获前,约占总蒸发量的70%,秸秆覆盖处理在小麦收获前使棵间蒸发降低了5.2%~10.8%。间作中,小麦带棵间蒸发量较玉米带高16.6%~19.8%;秸秆覆盖处理与未覆盖处理相比较小麦带棵间蒸发量降低了5.4%~10.0%,玉米带棵间蒸发量降低了3.9%~6.1%。秸秆覆盖处理的E/ET相比于无覆盖处理小麦间作玉米群体降低了2.9%~5.2%,单作小麦群体降低了2.1%~9.0%,小麦秸秆覆盖可减少水分的无效损失,提高水分利用率。     

西宁市城区干道绿化建设刍议

在人们对环境越来越重视的今天,景观环境成了人们日常生活中一个重要的因素。城区干道绿化作为城市绿化的灵魂,越来越发挥着重要的作用。本文对目前西宁市城区干道绿化建设存在的不足进行了分析,提出了城区干道绿化景观环境的营造和建设的思考。     

伪狂犬病病毒gE囊膜糖蛋白主要抗原表位区基因的原核表达

参照GenBank上公布的伪狂犬病病毒gE基因序列设计1对引物,通过PCR方法扩增一段包含gE主要抗原表位编码区的564 bp的片段,扩增产物克隆于pMD18-T vector中,酶切后插入原核表达载体pET-32a的T7启动子下游,构建的原核表达质粒pET-gE在大肠杆菌BL21中获得了高效表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示:表达产物分子质量为38 ku,以包涵体的形式存在,表达产物用His亲和层析柱进行纯化。Western blotting分析表明:该蛋白能与标准阳性血清发生特异性反应。结果证明该表达产物具有生物学活性,可作为鉴别诊断的抗原。     

母种培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响

研究了不同母种培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长情况的影响。结果表明,杏鲍菇在不同配方培养基上菌丝的生长存在显著差异,其中,配方B培养基的菌丝生长最旺盛,长势最强,菌丝生长速度最快,可以达到4.64 mm/d;其次是配方C、配方A、配方D;添加麦粒的配方E菌丝生长速度最慢,仅为1.23 mm/d,但其菌丝长势较强。     

水氮耦合对灰枣中矿质元素含量的影响

以滴灌为条件设置不同水肥处理,分析不同施肥、灌溉水平对灰枣果实中矿质元素含量的影响.结果表明:在灌水量中等水平条件下,增施氮肥能促进枣果对N、K素的吸收和积累,施入量过高则会抑制P素的吸收;在施入氮肥为中等水平条件下,增加土壤水分能促进枣果对P素的吸收和积累,抑制N、K素的吸收;增加土壤水分和氮素含量均可提高灰枣果实中矿质Fe、Zn、Cu、Ca和Mg的含量,Mn的含量随施入土壤中氮肥量的增加而减小.     

Identification of Genes Encoding Secretory Proteins Related to the Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using TRV-HIGS

【Objective】 Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the main problem in rapeseed planting in China, which causes serious yield and quality loss. Secretory proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of pathogens. The genome of S. sclerotiorum contains a large number of genes encoding secretory proteins. The objective of this study is to identify and screen the secretory protein genes related to pathogenicity, reveal the pathogenic mechanism of S. sclerotiorum, and to provide an important target for the prevention and control of SSR. 【Method】 SMART software was used to analyze the protein domains of 8 candidate genes with signal peptides that were differentially expressed in the process of S. sclerotiorum infecting the susceptible and resistant Brassica oleracea lines, then the domains obtained by SMART analysis were annotated in SCOP, Pfam and PDB databases. The fragment with the length of around 300 bp in the encoding region of these genes was cloned into pTRV2 vector together with the GFP fragment. The suspension of pTRV1 was mixed equally with pTRV2-Gene and pTRV2-GFP, respectively. After 3 hours at room temperature, pTRV2-Gene vector and control (pTRV2-GFP) were transformed into 5-6 week-old leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana using syringe infiltration method. Subsequently, the infiltrated plants were cultured in dark for 48 hours and then grown in the normal light for 7 days. PDA mycelium blocks of S. sclerotiorum with a diameter of 6 mm were used to inoculate the infiltrated leaves of tobacco at the 9th day after transformation in vivo, in which the carrying surface was close to the leaves. After 48 hours of inoculation, the lesion size was measured and RNA from necrotic and infected tissues (around 1 cm from the edge of necrotic tissue) was extracted. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to estimate the relative expression of target gene in N. benthamiana lines carrying TRV-HIGS vector. 【Result】 The putative functions of these 8 genes predicated with SMART and domain annotation were involved in the hydrolysis of proteins, nucleic acids or polysaccharides, the immunity response of host plants, and the tolerance to drugs and biotin synthesis of S. sclerotiorum. The average lesion area of control carrying TRV-GFP was 3.44 cm ² at 48 hours post inoculation of S. sclerotiorum. Except for one line (SS1G_07655), the lesion area of other 7 lines carrying TRV-HIGS vector was significantly lower than that of the control plants (P≤0.05), ranging from 1.63 to 2.61 cm ². qRT-PCR analysis showed that the gene expression level of these 7 genes in the TRV-HIGS lines was significantly lower than that of the control (P≤0.05). 【Conclusion】 Eight secretory protein genes with unknown function in S. sclerotiorum were successfully identified by TRV-HIGS technique. Seven genes related to the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum were screened out. Among them, SS1G_03146 with the strongest effect on the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum may be involved in the synthesis of biotin, and SS1G_04343 and SS1G_11912 may be involved in the immune response of host.     

市花的文化内涵及在城市园林绿化中的应用——以咸阳市市花紫薇为例

以咸阳市为例,结合咸阳市城市发展总体规划,探讨市花紫薇花的文化内涵及在城市园林建设中的开发应用,旨在发扬紫薇文化,打造咸阳市特色城市名片.     

文山松毛虫危害程度与发生范围预测预报研究

编制了文山松毛虫预测预报虫灾级数表，提出了文山松毛虫危害程度初步测报式，利用马尔可夫链模型分析法进行了文山松毛虫发生面积的预测预报，准确性较高。     

电热水器的原理与检修

以湖南蔡家塘、贵州雷公山和重庆铁山坪3个小流域长年大气干沉降的监测数据为基础,对三地大气和气溶胶的化学成分的分布特征进行了分析研究.结果表明：三地大气干沉降中主要的酸性物质均为SO2,SO42-,NO2;主要的碱性物质均为NH+4,Ca2+,K+,NH3.SO2的干沉降跟当地S的来源有密切的关系,且具有季节性变化.三地的NH3+NH4+浓度均大于HNO3+NO3-浓度. NO2,NH3的年平均浓度大小均为铁山坪>蔡家塘>雷公山.蔡家塘、雷公山、铁山坪铵态氮年平均浓度在气相和固相中的比率均小于1,蔡家塘硝态氮年平均浓度在气相和固相中的比率接近1;雷公山年硝态氮平均浓度在气相和固相中的比率大于1;铁山坪硝态氮年平均浓度在气相和固相中的比率小于1.     

突发林业有害生物事件应急平台体系建设设计

近年来,中国林业有害生物发生与危害日趋严重,各类突发林业有害生物事件频发,严重威胁森林资源和公共安全。突发林业有害生物事件应急平台是以林业有害生物防治技术和现代先进信息、通信技术为支撑,以突发林业有害生物事件应急管理流程为主线,是突发林业有害生物事件应急管理和处置的工具,是软件和硬件相结合的技术保障系统。突发林业有害生物事件应急平台在体系上应包括国家林业局、省级林业主管部门、市级林业主管部门和县级林业主管部门四级结构,在层次上应包括应用层、平台层、数据层和设备层。实施突发林业有害生物事件应急平台建设能有效预防和减少突发林业有害生物事件及其造成的损失,对保护森林资源、维护公共安全和建设生态文明具有十分重要的意义。图3参17