不同基因型绿豆叶片光合性能研究

以夏播区高产绿豆品种(系)冀绿2号、安9910和低产品种(系)赤峰绿豆、泰来绿豆为材料,对其衰老过程中开花节功能叶片的光合参数变化进行了研究。结果表明,绿豆开花后,随着叶片的衰老,各功能叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐下降,叶质重表现出降低—增大—降低的变化趋势,同一时期不同开花节叶片的光合性能自上而下逐渐降低。不同品种间存在显著差异,冀绿2号和安9910叶片功能期长,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质降解较慢,生育后期仍具有相对较高的光合性能,这为其积累较多的光合产物提供了生理基础。进一步分析表明,绿豆产量与花后开花节叶片的平均净光合速率呈极显著正相关,叶片净光合速率又与叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关。综合分析表明,在绿豆开花结荚期间,保持较高的叶绿素含量和功能叶片的光合生产能力,延缓叶片衰老,对籽粒产量形成具有重要作用。     

基于计算机视觉技术的番茄叶片叶绿素含量的检测

 研究利用计算机视觉技术快速测定叶绿素含量的方法,建立了根据番茄叶片颜色特征确定其叶绿素含量的一元二次拟合模型。在计算机视觉图像采集系统中采集番茄叶片图像,利用MATLAB图像处理工具提取图像的颜色特征参数,对颜色特征参数和番茄功能叶叶绿素含量做相关分析,建立回归模型。结果表明：RGB颜色系统的R/G、(G-R)/(G+R)、G-R、色度坐标r、r-g及HIS颜色系统的H值均与叶绿素含量呈极显著非线性相关性,可用于测定番茄叶片叶绿素含量。从建立的6组模型中筛选出拟合度较高的3组模型进行检验,预测误差在0～22.22%之间。用预测精度最高的G-R颜色特征预测叶绿素含量的模型为Chl.a = 0.0926 + 0.1208 (G-R) - 0.0009 (G-R)²,Chl b = - 0.0252 + 0.0397 (G-R) - 0.0003 (G-R)²和Chl.(a+b) = 0.1271 + 0.1600 (G-R) - 0.0011 (G-R)²。     

Effects of CENP-W down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells

AIM: To study the effect of centromere protein W (CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay, BrdU staining and colony formation experiment. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test. The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay, colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group. The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migration and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells, suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.     

Neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) on the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (8~10 weeks old, n=32) were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) to establish chronic EAE model. The mice were randomly divided into control (ddH₂O) group, fasudil group, BM-NSCs group, and fasudil+BM-NSCs group. The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. The expression of neurotrophic factors was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: In comparison with ddH₂O group, fasudil combined with BM-NSCs delayed onset and ameliorated severity of EAE. The numbers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor positive cells in fasudil group, BM-NSCs group and fasudil+BM-NSCs group were all increased in various extents. In particularly, the expression of these neurotrophic factors in fasudil+BM-NSCs group was significantly higher than that in the mice treated with fasudil or BM-NSCs alone (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Fasudil combined with BM-NSCs promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors and improves microenvironment of central nervous system, thus playing a positive role in neural restoration and regeneration through a synergistic and superimposed effect.     

添加矿粉对农业废弃物育苗基质化学性质的影响

秸秆和畜禽粪便等农业废弃物代替草炭生产的育苗基质因存在小分子有机酸、铵态氮含量高等问题而影响到种子发芽和幼苗的生长。为改善这类育苗基质对种子发芽和幼苗生长的不良影响,以杨凌某公司生产的基质(该基质以菌糠、锯末、畜禽粪便等为主要原料)为材料,通过添加一种矿粉进行培养和育苗试验,研究矿粉添加比例对基质化学性质和小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)发芽和生理指标的影响。结果表明:添加矿粉使基质的pH提高、NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N比值和丁酸含量减小;与对照(不添加矿粉)相比,在矿粉添加比例为7%的条件下,小白菜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别提高了35%、22.87%、34.6%;根际活力、叶绿素含量分别提高70.2%、32.1%,达到差异显著水平。     

瑞丽山龙眼幼苗光合特性研究

使用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪测定高黎贡山南段2种环境(野外、大棚)下生长的我国特有种植物瑞丽山龙眼幼苗的光合特性,结果表明:(1)2种环境下生长的幼苗净光合速率(PN)日变化出现"双峰"曲线,有"午休"现象,但峰值出现的时刻与大小不同,野外幼苗在10:00、16:00出现高峰值,分别为4.608、2.118μmol/(m~2·s),大棚幼苗在11:00、15:00出现2个高峰值,分别为4.102、3.982μmol/(m~2·s);蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)变化趋势与净光合速率变化趋势一致,也有"午休"现象;水分利用率(WUE)无明显变化规律;胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)与净光合速率日变化相反。(2)净光合速率与环境因子偏相关性分析表明,环境因子:光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气CO_2浓度(Ca)、空气温度(Ta)、相对湿度(RH)对幼苗PN值影响均为:PARCaTaRH;(3)两地幼苗光饱和点(LSP)均较高,野外为2 674.995μmol/(m~2·s)、大棚幼苗为2 228.754μmol/(m~2·s),光补偿点(LCP)分别为38.250、8.322μmol/(m~2·s)。     

绿洲灌区不同密度玉米群体的耗水特性研究

针对水资源不足严重制约绿洲灌区玉米生产,密植对玉米耗水特性影响研究薄弱,以及生产实践中缺乏调控种植密度以同步提高产量和水分利用效率的理论依据等问题,2012—2015年,以先玉335为参试品种,在相同施肥、灌水制度下,设75 000株hm–2(低,D1)、87 000株hm–2(中,D2)、99 000株hm–2(高,D3)3个密度水平,探讨密度对玉米耗水的时间动态、耗水结构以及利用效率的影响,以期为优化密植增产节水技术提供理论依据。结果表明,随密度增大,玉米全生育期总耗水量(ET)增大,大喇叭口期至吐丝期是耗水量增大的主要时期,高、中密度处理与低密度处理相比,全生育期总耗水量4年平均分别高22.8%、14.4%,大喇叭口期至吐丝期平均分别高28.4%、18.2%,其他生育时期不同处理的耗水量差异不显著。增加密度可降低玉米的无效耗水,提高水分利用率,高、中密度处理较低密度处理全生育期的棵间蒸发量(E)4年平均分别减少56.5 mm、27.6 mm,密植降低棵间蒸发量的主要时期在拔节至灌浆期,其中大喇叭口期至吐丝期的日均棵间蒸发量分别减少0.51 mm、0.27 mm;高、中密度与低密度处理相比,全生育期的E/ET分别降低15.8%、6.2%,其中拔节至大喇叭口期减小幅度最大,分别为22.1%、10.7%。与低密度处理相比,高、中密度处理的籽粒产量分别提高了17.9%、14.8%,但高、中密度处理间的产量差异不显著;高、中、低密度处理的水分利用效率(WUE)分别为18.2、19.3和16.8 kg hm–2 mm–1,中密度处理的WUE显著高于低密度处理;与低密度处理相比,高、中密度处理4年平均灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)分别提高了34.5%、19.6%。本研究说明,在传统供水覆膜条件下,进一步增加种植密度是干旱绿洲灌区提高玉米产量和灌溉水利用效率的可行措施。     

抗除草剂谷子新品种赤谷20的选育及简化栽培技术

利用夏谷区谷子抗除草剂基因,选育适合简化栽培的两系谷子新品种赤谷20.该新品种由抗除草剂拿捕净的新品系k 23-18及不抗除草剂的同型姐妹系k 23-19组成.2014-2015年参加全国谷子品种区域试验,平均单产6 292.50 kg/hm2,较对照谷子品种九谷11(平均单产5 914.5 kg/hm2)增产6.39％.2015年12月通过全国谷子品种鉴定委员会鉴定.通过对辅助除草“剂谷有”用药的研究、对同型姐妹系谷种的最佳混合比例、播种时期、播种量的研究以及对除草剂拿捕净最适宜的喷药时期、喷药浓度、安全剂量等方面研究,制定与其配套的简化栽培技术.确定了同时实现间苗和除草的化学方法,实现全生育期基本不用人工间苗与除草,简化劳动力.     

枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的研制及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

 以枯草芽胞杆菌母药为研究对象,通过对载体、分散剂、表面活性剂、保护剂的筛选,确定了枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的最佳配方。其配方为:枯草芽胞杆菌母药50%、载体白炭黑20%、分散剂萘磺酸钠盐甲醛缩合物(NNO)2%、表面活性剂烷基萘磺酸盐(EFW)3%、保护剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)1.5%、载体硅藻土补足至100%。测定结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂含菌量为2.11×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1,分散指数89.56,浮游指数87.57,坡度角74°,pH 6.1,杂菌率2.1%,含水率0.67%,粒径8.15 μm,热贮分解率为4.67%,产品各项指标均达到标准。盆栽条件下,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂用量1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果优于治疗效果,防效分别为89.08%和84.95%;田间试验,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂在用量为1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果为80.66%。     

华北地区十字花科芸薹属蔬菜上立枯丝核菌的病原生物学研究

 由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。