Molecular cloning and functional analysis of duck Toll-like receptor 5

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. In this study, we cloned the single-exon TLR5 gene of the Maya breed of Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). The TLR5 open reading frame is 2580 bp in length and encodes an 859-amino acid protein. The putative amino acid sequence of duck TLR5 consisted of a signal peptide sequence, 11 leucine-rich repeat domains, a leucine-rich repeat C-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain. The duck TLR5 gene was highly expressed in the lung, bone marrow, spleen, and liver; moderately expressed in kidney, small intestine, large intestine, and brain. A plasmid expressing duck TLR5 was constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells, and expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. HEK293T cells transfected with duck TLR5- and NF-κB-luciferase-containing plasmids significantly responded to flagellin from Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that it is a functional TLR5 homolog.     

宁夏回族自治区平罗县主要农作物碳足迹研究

农田碳足迹可以全面地反映农作物生产过程中各种因素引起的碳排放效应,是指导农业生产节能减排的重要指标。为探明农作物生产的碳足迹,基于宁夏回族自治区平罗县农田生产的实地调查数据,利用碳足迹的基本理论和方法,测算了该县农作物碳足迹。结果表明,水稻、玉米和小麦的碳足迹分别为1 487.56±164.59,913.03±142.99和809.75±144.99kg Ce/(hm2.a);碳成本分别为0.17±0.05,0.08±0.02g和0.12±0.03kg Ce/kg;化肥的施用量是影响碳足迹的主要因素,而水稻生产过程中灌溉水及育秧过程也是其碳足迹较高的主要原因。为了提高农田固碳减排增汇效益,应压缩水稻种植面积,扩大玉米和小麦种植,同时,建立节肥低碳高效的种植模式是实现平罗县农田节能减排的有效途径。     

牛舍空气微生物及向环境传播的研究

采用４ 台 Ａ Ｎ Ｄ Ｅ Ｒ Ｓ Ｅ Ｎ微生物空气样品收集器对一个犊牛舍内及环境空气细菌含量进行了测量, 需氧菌总数分别为８５３６ ～４６６９１ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ 和２６４９ ～２４７７５ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ , 厌氧菌浓度计３０１７ ～２４７７５ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ 和６６１ ～４１２２ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ ｍ３ 。根据 Ｈ Ｅ Ｓ Ｋ Ｅ Ｔ Ｈ （１９７４） 计算公式和 Ｋ Ｌ Ｕ Ｇ （１９６９） 气溶胶颗粒扩散模式, 得出犊牛舍菌源强度, 即向环境排放需氧菌为１１００００ ～１４００００ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｓ , 厌氧菌在２７０００ ～１７５０００ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｓ 之间。细菌浓度实际测量值与估算一致, 该公式和扩散模式适合于动物舍菌源强度和舍外环境不同距离空气微生物浓度的估算。距离犊牛舍１００ ｍ 下风处, 需氧菌高达６５０ ～８３９ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ , 厌氧菌１６０ ～１０３４ 细菌／ｍ ３ , 各项均超过正常值１０ ～１５ 倍。     

平原沙土区不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征及其影响因子

目的 明晰不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征,以期为平原沙土区土壤碳库的提高和生态恢复提供理论依据。 方法 以江苏省平原沙土区丰县16年生杨树纯林、柳树纯林、杨柳混交林3种林分类型及相邻的撂荒地（对照）为对象,测定0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100 cm等5个土壤层次有机碳及活性组分和土壤酶活性,计算土壤碳库管理指数,并对土壤有机碳库特征和环境因子进行相关性分析。 结果 （1）3种林分类型及对照各土层有机碳含量和储量范围分别为1.03～5.88 g·kg−1和3.53～17.55 t·hm−2。与对照相比,0～100 cm土层,3种林分类型土壤有机碳含量增加了45.2%～82.2%。杨树纯林0～100 cm土层有机碳储量分别是柳树纯林、杨柳混交林和对照的1.23、1.24、1.83倍。（2）与对照相比,0～100 cm土层,3种林分类型的土壤易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量分别提高了28.6%～48.0%、6.8%～9.7%和21.6%～33.4%。3种林分类型土壤碳库管理指数显著高于100%（P<0.05）。（3）林分类型显著影响土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性（P<0.05）,杨柳混交林0～100 cm土层多酚氧化酶活性显著高于杨树纯林和对照（P<0.05）。（4）相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳库特征受多酚氧化酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著影响,有机碳含量和储量、易氧化有机碳含量及碳库管理指数受蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶活性显著影响,微生物生物量碳受蔗糖酶活性显著影响。冗余分析表明,土壤碳氮比和细根生物量是土壤有机碳库特征的主要影响因素。 结论 平原沙土区营造人工林提高了土壤有机碳及活性组分和有机碳库稳定性,杨树纯林提高土壤有机碳储量效果最好。     

加大饲料添加剂的管理力度

饲料添加剂是为满足动物的需要向饲料中添加的少量或微量物质;是现代饲料工业中必须使用的原料;是全价配合饲料和浓缩饲料的精华。饲料添加剂又称为饲料强化剂,与蛋白质饲料、能量饲料构成配合饲料三大支柱,是发展畜牧业、水产养殖业、野生动物饲养业必备的物质,对配...     

利用表面等离子共振技术检测牛奶中的朊蛋白

利用生物传感器——表面等离子共振传感器建立在活体动物中检测朊蛋白的方法,依据抗原—抗体特异性原理检测牛奶中朊蛋白。结果表明:应用表面等离子共振技术进行检测,1 h以内即可达到在缓冲液中标准最低检测限30 ng/mL的水平,牛奶样品的最低检测限是120 ng/mL。     

浅谈高校图书馆与重点学科建设

重点学科建设关系到高校的发展,通过分析高校图书馆与重点学科建设的关系,提出了面向重点学科文献资源建设的策略和重点学科服务体系构建。     

“随机过程及应用”创新性教学的几点思考

“随机过程及应用”是研究生开展后续课题研究和学位论文相关工作的理论基础,该课程是学员由基础课程转入专业课程学习的一个非常重要的桥梁纽带,起到了承上启下的作用。如何通过创新性教学提高研究生专业基础课“随机过程及应用”的授课效果是一个非常值得思考和深入探索的问题,论文从“课程特点与面临的问题”、“现有教学方法的反思” 和“改进举措” 三个方面对该问题进行了分析,并从“着眼需求,优化课程体系结构”、“提炼内容,优化课程授课方式”和“教研结合,全面提升教学成效”三个方面给出了相关建议。     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

城市污泥应用于毛白杨林地施肥试验

为了妥善处置和利用城市污泥,使之变废为宝,采用城市污泥对毛白杨进行了不同立地施肥量、施肥时期试验.结果表明,污泥施肥改善了林地土壤的理化性状,对土壤具有修复作用.在不同施肥时期,不同立地条件下,施入一定量的城市污泥对毛白杨株高、胸径的生长均有促进作用,平原林地毛白杨净生长量优于丘陵地,污泥施入量以75 kg/株效果最佳.