内蒙古水土流失现状与治理对策

本文详述了内蒙古自治区水土流失类型、程度、面积和治理现状 ,总结了水土流失治理经验 ,并提出了新时期水土流失防治战略思想和治理对策     

硫酸铵与腐植酸及改性腐植酸配施对氨挥发的影响

通过室内连续培养试验,研究了石灰性褐土中硫酸铵与不同用量及改性腐植酸（HA）配施对氨挥发及氮素形态转化的影响。试验设置6个腐植酸用量处理,分别为CKⅠ、ASNⅠ（硫酸铵Ⅰ）、ASNⅠ+5%HA、ASNⅠ+10%HA、ASNⅠ+15%HA、ASNⅠ+20%HA(5%、10%、15%、20%为腐植酸占硫酸铵施用量的百分比)和6个改性腐植酸处理,分别为CKⅡ、ASNⅡ（硫酸铵Ⅱ）、ASNⅡ+W0、ASNⅡ+W400、ASNⅡ+W600、ASNⅡ+OHA(W0、W400、W600分别为含水量0%、400%、600%的改性腐植酸,OHA为干燥+过氧化氢氧化处理的改性腐植酸)。结果表明：培养32 d后,与单施硫酸铵处理（ASNⅠ）相比,ASNⅠ+10%HA～ASNⅠ+20%HA处理可以抑制氨挥发,其中ASNⅠ+20%HA处理抑制效果最佳,日平均氨挥发速率降幅为5.07%。腐植酸经不同改性处理后,按硫酸铵用量的20%与硫酸铵配施培养32 d后,与单施硫酸铵处理（ASNⅡ）相比,ASNⅡ+W400与ASNⅡ+W600处理加剧了土壤氨挥发,土壤氨挥发总量分别增加了50.69%和57.64%;ASNⅡ+O...     

复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为研究复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的杜寒杂交肉羊60只随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只,1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5％、5.0％、10％的复合双歧杆菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结果表明:(1)试验3...     

MdSPDS1基因导入毛白杨的遗传转化体系优化研究

为了建立农杆菌介导的高效毛白杨遗传转化体系,并大量获得转MdSPDS1基因的转基因毛白杨,对MdSPDS1基因导入毛白杨的遗传转化体系中关键转化因子进行了优化。获得的优化转化体系如下:叶片预培养3d后,用OD600为0.4的菌液侵染7min,再共培养3d。卡那霉素抗性芽的二次筛选中,卡那霉素的选择压分别为20和50mg/L。实验获得毛白杨卡那霉素抗性植株共43株,经PCR检测,其中9株呈阳性,占抗性植株总数的20.9%,优化转化系统的阳性植株转化率达到9.38%。本研究为下一步鉴定基因功能和转基因植株耐盐性的分析奠定了基础。     

影响青花菜游离小孢子培养胚胎发生的因子

以13个青花菜品种为材料进行游离小孢子培养,探讨影响青花菜小孢子胚胎发生的因子。结果表明:基因型是影响青花菜小孢子培养胚状体发生的关键因子,13种基因型中有8种基因型能诱导产生胚状体,诱导率为61.5%;处于单核晚期至双核期的小孢子是诱导小孢子胚状体发生的最佳时期;在1/2 NLN培养基中添加适量的活性炭、6-BA、AgNO3和2,4-D有利于胚胎发生。4℃预处理24 h和32.5℃热激24 h有利于小孢子产生胚状体。     

烟嘧磺隆降解菌株DT-4的降解特性及对高粱药害的缓解作用

土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留可对后茬作物产生不同程度药害。为解决玉米地烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱药害问题,使用前期筛选出的烟嘧磺隆高效降解菌株绿木霉Trichoderma virens DT-4,通过高效液相色谱-质谱法检测其降解率,利用室内盆栽生测结合田间小区试验方法,确定降解菌株对土壤中烟嘧磺隆降解效果,降低烟嘧磺隆残留对高粱的药害。结果显示,烟嘧磺隆残留浓度在0.0025～0.1 ug/mL范围内,标准曲线线性良好,符合农残分析要求;PDB液体培养基中烟嘧磺隆在DT-4降解菌处理100 h的降解率高达93.00%;菌株最佳降解条件为培养温度35 ℃、pH 5、最适接种量5%、烟嘧磺隆初始质量浓度200 mg/L。盆栽试验土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留浓度为0.075 mg/kg时,加入降解菌DT-4后能够明显缓解高粱的株高、根长、鲜重、叶绿素含量、根系活力和净光合速率等生长发育指标,对高粱生长有明显的促进作用。田间小区试验中,不同剂型降解菌剂处理,高粱抽穗期效果最为显著,降解菌能够将低于60 g a.i./hm²烟嘧磺隆污染土壤的高粱修复至无明显药害水平,且降解菌剂应用效果为粉剂＞菌液。本研究表明高效降解菌株绿木霉DT-4可有效缓解烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱的毒害作用,为玉米高粱轮作体系下烟嘧磺隆残留污染土壤的微生物修复提供科学参考。     

表达猪生长激素基因的重组腺病毒的构建及对猪生长的促进效果观察

利用复制缺陷型重组腺病毒作为基因表达载体,将猪生长激素（pGH）基因直接转导到猪体内细胞,研究猪生长激素基因在猪体内的促生长作用.用同源重组的方法,构建含pGH基因的重组腺病毒（Ad-pGH）.将其感染293细胞和PK-15细胞,均可检测到pGH.用1 mL此重组腺病毒（1010TCID50）一次性肌肉注射60日龄的杂交长白猪.结果表明,试验组的猪平均增重比对照组的猪增加37%（注射后第4周）和19%（注射后第6周）;饲料报酬提高28%（注射后第4周）和18%（注射后第6周）.试验结果证明,由重组腺病毒表达的pGH具有生物学活性,在猪体内起到明显的促进生长的作用.重组腺病毒介导的pGH基因在猪体内的表达可维持约4周.     

In vitro differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone on inducing mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into exocrine pancreatic cells in vitro. METHODS: E14 mouse ES cells were cultured in suspension to form embryonic bodies (EBs). The EBs were cultured with differentiating medium containing different concentrations of sodium butyrate, and the spontaneously differentiated ES cells were used as control. Exocrine pancreatic genes such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR at different time points to determine the optimal concentration and exposure time of sodium butyrate. Furthermore, activin A or dexamthasone was also used to explore the effects on exocrine differentiation. After that, the combination of sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamthasone was used to promote the differentiation of exocrine pancreatic cells from ES cells. During the differentiation course, the gene expressions of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected by RT-PCR. Morphological changes were investigated by phase contrast microscopy. Amylase expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Exocrine pancreatic gene expressions such as amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase were detected in spontaneously differentiated EBs. A relatively lower concentration of sodium butyrate with a shorter exposure time significantly promoted those above gene expressions as compared to that of spontaneously differentiated EBs. Activin A and dexamethasone induced upregulation of exocrine gene expression. The combination of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, elastase 1, elastase 2 and carboxypeptidase. Under the treatment of activin A, sodium butyrate and dexamethasone, differentiated cells were polygonal in shape with large, round, and center-situated nuclei. According to the observation of immunofluorescence staining, amylase was positive expressed at the final stage. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that exocrine pancreatic differentiation of ES cells is induced by sodium butyrate, activin A and dexamethasone. The combination of pancreatic inducing factors improves the differentiating efficiency.     

密度和施肥与小麦面筋含量交互效应分析

采用五因素二元正交旋转试验设计,进行密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、锌肥对小麦面筋含量影响的研究.结果表明,氮肥、磷肥单效应对小麦面筋含量有一定的影响.密度和氮肥、氮肥和锌肥、磷肥和钾肥都有显著的互作效应.在试验条件下,当密度为150万株·hm-2、施氮量为75kg·hm-2、施磷量为56.25kg·hm-2、施钾量为37.5kg·hm-2、不施用锌肥,小麦面筋含量可达25.97%.     

基于3S的森林资源消长数据采集与更新系统设计

3S技术是近年来迅速发展起来的空间信息科学技术,将其应用于森林资源采集与更新数字化管理系统可以大大提高林业生产效率,提高经营决策的科学性,可作为生态管理和环境保护的新方法加以应用,实现林业的可持续发展。介绍了数字林业架构中数据采集与更新系统的研究与应用,阐述了应用本系统对传统森林经营管理模式的优化及改造效果。