Synthesis and characterization of a novel charring agent and its application in intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system

A novel charring agent poly(pentaerythritol spirocyclic phosphorusoxy spirocyclic diethanolamine borate) (PPSPSDB) was synthesized successfully with diethanolamine borate (DEAB) and spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride (SPDPC), which was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endow linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with flame retardance. The structure of PPSPSDB was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The study of thermal stability of various LLDPE composites showed that PPSPSDB/APP system could effectively improve the thermal degradation and thermal-oxidative stability of the char residues, and PE3 containing 30 wt% APP/ PPSPSDB with a 2 weight ratio left the highest amount of char residue at 800 oC. The results of flammability revealed that PE3 had the best combination property; the limited oxygen index value was 29.6, and vertical burning reached UL-94 V-0 rating, and the tensile strength and notched impact strength were 11.853 MPa and 28.8 kJ/m2 respectively. The investigation of structure and morphology of char residue indicated that the compact foaming char layer, as a good barrier against the transmission of heat and volatiles, was formed for PE3 during combustion.     

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

红豆草茬地放牧对湖羊和小尾寒羊生长性能、瘤胃内环境参数及微生物区系的影响

本试验以空怀期湖羊和小尾寒羊为研究对象,分析在红豆草茬地放牧条件下其生长性能、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物区系之间的差异,以期为不同品种放牧绵羊对红豆草茬地的响应情况积累数据,进而为陇中地区草地生产系统的科学管理提供技术支持。选择年龄一致、体况良好的空怀期湖羊[平均体重（31.95±1.60） kg]和小尾寒羊[平均体重（27.38±2.84） kg]各24只为试验动物,于红豆草二茬草地进行为期45 d的混群放牧试验,试验期间测定动物体重并采集瘤胃液用于瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物区系分析。结果表明：1）湖羊组始重和末重显著高于小尾寒羊组（P<0.05）,但平均日增重和体重增长率显著低于小尾寒羊组（P<0.05）。2）小尾寒羊组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于湖羊组（P<0.05）。3）小尾寒羊组瘤胃微生物Shannon指数显著高于湖羊组（P<0.05）,Simpson指数显著低于湖羊组（P<0.05）。4）在门水平上,湖羊组的优势菌门依次为变形菌门（58.81%）、拟杆菌门（17.21%）和厚壁菌门（16.09%）,而小尾寒羊组的优势菌门依次为厚壁菌门（36....     

饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响,本试验在基础饲粮中分别添加0（对照）、1%和2%的怀山药,选择健康状况良好的180尾鲤[（75.25±1.45） g],随机分为3组,每组3个重复。饲养8周后检测其生长性能、肠道酶活性、肠组织形态、肠道防御屏障相关基因表达以及肠道内容物短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量和肠道菌群的变化。结果显示：1）与对照组相比,添加怀山药对鲤生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）,但可以增加肠微绒毛密度和完整性,增加杯状细胞数量、肠道黏膜褶皱数量和肠绒毛高度,从而改善鲤肠道组织结构,提高吸收表面积。2）与对照组相比,怀山药组肠道组织过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强（P>0.05）,白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因相对表达量显著升高（P<0.05）,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、闭合蛋白（Occludin）、紧密连接蛋白-1(ZO-1)和Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因相对表达量也显著上调（P<0.05）。3）肠道菌群高通量测序结果表明,在门水平上,梭杆菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门是鲤肠道的优势类群。与对照组相比...     

不同乳脂率奶牛瘤胃微生物及其代谢物差异分析

本研究旨在分析不同乳脂率奶牛瘤胃微生物及其代谢物的差异。本试验基于江苏省某奶牛场2020年的中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）数据,选取胎次、泌乳天数及产奶量相近的高乳脂率奶牛（H组）及低乳脂率奶牛（L组）各5头,收集瘤胃液及奶样,测定常规乳成分指标、瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸浓度与消化酶活性;通过16S rDNA测序和非靶向液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）代谢组学技术分析瘤胃微生物组成及其代谢物。结果显示：相同饲粮条件下,H组和L组的乳脂率分别为5.82%和3.60%,二者差异极显著（P<0.01）。H组瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸比值显著高于L组（P <0.05）。16S rDNA测序结果表明瘤胃内厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为优势菌门,且H组Kiritimatiellaeota的相对丰度显著低于L组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属1(Prevotella＿1)、解琥珀酸弧菌属（Succiniclasticum）和琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001(Succinivibrionaceae＿UCG-0...     

一类应力-强度模型结构可靠度的估计

考虑了应力服从三维GBVE分布,强度服从指数分布的应力-强度模型,分别在部分应力参数未知和强度参数未知的情况下给出了该模型在并联情况下结构可靠度的估计,并讨论了其性质。     

短时延网络控制系统H∞动态反馈控制器的设计

研究了在数据单包传输短时延情况下,系统输出反馈无干扰时的渐近稳定性,有干扰时γ-次优H∞输出反馈控制器存在条件及利用MATLAB的LMI工具箱的求解形式,讨论了求解γ-次优H∞静态及动态输出反馈控制器的方法,用实例求解了一个单包传输多输入多输出系统,仿真结果表明系统是稳定的且满足H∞性能指标,证明了控制方法的有效性.     

牛体外受精卵的二步法培养体系的研究

以CR1aa为基础培养液,采用二步法对牛体外受精卵进行体外培养,完善牛体外受精卵的培养体系.实验一:对照组连续7 d均为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS培养,处理组前3 d为CR1aa 3 mg/mLBSA培养,后4 d换为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS.处理组的囊胚率显著高于对照组,但卵裂率和囊胚孵化率无显著差异.实验二:对照组连续7 d均为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS培养,处理组前3 d为CR1aa培养,后4 d换为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS.处理组的卵裂率显著高于对照组,但囊胚率和囊胚孵化率差异不显著.实验三:对照组连续7 d均为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS 0.1mmol/L GSH培养,处理组前3 d为CR1aa 0.1 mmol/L GSH培养,后4 d换为CR1aa 50 mL/L FBS 0.1 mmol/L GSH.处理组的卵裂率显著高于对照组,囊胚率极显著高于对照组,但囊胚孵化率差异不显著.结果表明,GSH与二步法培养系统结合相对于传统的一步法培养系统更适于牛体外受精卵的体外培养.     

3个无核葡萄品种在广西南宁地区的引种表现

2019-2020年连续2年对引进的无核鲜食葡萄品种"火洲黑玉""火洲红玉""火洲紫玉"开展引种观察试验.结果表明,3个品种均表现为生长势强,果肉硬脆等特点,"火洲黑玉"早熟,但极易裂果,不建议在南宁等地区推广种植,"火洲红玉""火洲紫玉"中熟,可在南宁及周边地区适当推广种植,适宜进行大棚避雨设施栽培.     

基于离散元法的茶叶抖筛机结构参数优化与试验

茶叶抖筛机是茶叶精加工的关键装备,传统抖筛装备主要通过经验设计,筛分性能较差,主要表现在筛净率较低、误筛率较高。该研究结合抖筛机的筛分原理,运用solidworks构建虚拟样机,利用EDEM软件建立茶叶颗粒离散元仿真模型,通过单因素仿真试验对茶叶颗粒进行动力学分析,结果表明,连杆长度、曲柄半径和筛面倾角是茶叶抖筛机筛分性能的主要影响因素。以筛净率、误筛率为评价指标,设计三因素三水平二次旋转正交试验,并运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行回归分析,当连杆长度为1 977 mm、曲柄半径为25 mm、筛面倾角为2.8 °时,茶叶筛净率为94.5%、误筛率为4.61%,筛分性能最优。以最优结构参数进行验证试验,筛净率为93.8%,误筛率为4.73%,生产效率为319kg/h,较优化前筛净率提高3.42%,误筛率降低7.62%,生产效率提高8.87%。该研究结果可为茶叶筛分装备的优化提供理论依据。