赤霉素对阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果花序拉长及果实品质的影响

为了提高一年两收栽培模式下阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果的果实品质,开展了不同浓度GA3对阳光玫瑰冬季果花序拉长的试验。结果表明:GA30.5,1.0,1.5和2.0mg/L处理均能显著拉长阳光玫瑰葡萄冬果的花序,且花序长度的增长幅度随着GA3的浓度增加而增加,且果实品质与对照相比无明显差异。从用药成本、食品安全、果实品质等综合考虑,阳光玫瑰冬果花序拉长处理所用GA3的适宜浓度以0.5～1.0mg/L为宜。     

优良软籽石榴新品种‘玛丽斯’的选育

‘玛丽斯’是国家林业局"948"项目资助通过引种方式引入我国的以色列软籽石榴,2012-2014年通过区域试验确定为优系,于2018年12月通过河南省林木品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有早果性好、丰产稳产、抗旱耐瘠薄且无裂果现象等特征。果熟期9月底,果个大(平均单果质量510 g),果实近圆形,果皮光洁明亮,呈粉红色。籽粒大(百粒质量59.00 g),红色且较软(籽粒硬度为2.01 kg·cm^-2),核仁可食,嚼后无残渣,汁多味甘甜(可溶性固形物含量超过16.00%),出汁率85.00%。秦岭-淮河以南地区为适宜栽培区,黄河以南至淮河以北为次适宜区,在次适宜栽培区栽植须采用防寒措施。     

Notch1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal tissues of diabetic mice by inhibiting autophagy through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

AIM: To observe the changes of Notch1 expression and autophagy in the renal tissues of diabetic mice, and to explore the regulatory effect of Notch1 on tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy in diabetic nephro-pathy. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into normal control group (db/m mice) and diabetes group (db/db mice), with 8 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of feeding, the mice were sacrificed and the corresponding biochemical indexes were measured. The protein expression of Notch1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of Notch1, PTEN, p-Akt (Thr308), Akt, p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, LC3, P62, collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the db/m mice, the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in the db/db mice (P<0.01). Renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration, renal tubular expansion and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in db/db mouse renal tissues with HE staining were observed. The images of Masson staining showed collagenous fiber-like substance deposition in the glomerular capillaries and renal interstitium, and disarrangement of tubular structure in the renal tissues of db/db mice. The protein expression levels of PTEN and LC3-Ⅱ were decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the protein levels of Notch1, P62, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-Akt (Thr308), Col-I and Col-III were increased in the db/db mice as compared with the db/m mice (P<0.01). However, no significant change of total mTOR and Akt proteins between the 2 groups was found. CONCLUSION: Notch1 protein expression was increased, PTEN expression was significantly reduced, Akt/mTOR pathway was activated, autophagy was inhibited, and fibrosis was aggravated in the renal tissues of the diabetic mice.     

菜用甘薯新品种薯绿1号的选育

薯绿1号(原名徐菜薯1号)是以台农71为母本,以广薯菜2号为父本,通过定向有性杂交选育而成的菜用甘薯专用新品种。株型半直立,分枝多,叶片心形,顶叶黄绿色,叶基色和茎色均为绿色。薯块纺锤形,白皮白肉。茎尖无茸毛,烫后颜色翠绿至绿色,无苦涩味,微甜,有滑腻感,食味好。高抗茎线虫病,抗蔓割病。在国家区域试验3个月时间内每667m2产量1800kg左右,如在保护地条件下可周年生产,每667m2产量在5000kg以上。适合江苏、山东、河南、浙江、四川、广东、福建、海南等适宜地区作叶菜种植。     

哈尔滨群力新区绿地生态规划设计建议

在分析群力新区绿地景观格局的基础上,针对提出的问题,对群力新区绿地系统进行生态规划,确立了"一轴、两廊、三纵、五片、六核"的绿地布局。确定近期、中期、远期绿地规划绿地率指标分别为19%、25%、33%,绿化覆盖率分别为24%、30%、40%,人均公园绿地为8.5、10.0、12.0m2。规划公园绿地为研究区绿地系统的核心绿地景观,均衡分布各个公园绿地的位置与规模,提高绿地景观均匀性。大幅增加附属绿地面积,注重各类斑块等级的运用,增加绿地斑块之间的联系性,降低附属绿地破碎化程度。生产、防护绿地要确保分别达到绿地指标的完成,尽可能的多采用大中型斑块和大型斑块,能更好的发挥其生产、防护的作用。规划湿地公园填补其它绿地类型的缺失,丰富了研究区绿地景观的多样性。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel charring agent and its application in intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system

A novel charring agent poly(pentaerythritol spirocyclic phosphorusoxy spirocyclic diethanolamine borate) (PPSPSDB) was synthesized successfully with diethanolamine borate (DEAB) and spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride (SPDPC), which was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endow linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with flame retardance. The structure of PPSPSDB was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The study of thermal stability of various LLDPE composites showed that PPSPSDB/APP system could effectively improve the thermal degradation and thermal-oxidative stability of the char residues, and PE3 containing 30 wt% APP/ PPSPSDB with a 2 weight ratio left the highest amount of char residue at 800 oC. The results of flammability revealed that PE3 had the best combination property; the limited oxygen index value was 29.6, and vertical burning reached UL-94 V-0 rating, and the tensile strength and notched impact strength were 11.853 MPa and 28.8 kJ/m2 respectively. The investigation of structure and morphology of char residue indicated that the compact foaming char layer, as a good barrier against the transmission of heat and volatiles, was formed for PE3 during combustion.     

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

红豆草茬地放牧对湖羊和小尾寒羊生长性能、瘤胃内环境参数及微生物区系的影响

本试验以空怀期湖羊和小尾寒羊为研究对象,分析在红豆草茬地放牧条件下其生长性能、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物区系之间的差异,以期为不同品种放牧绵羊对红豆草茬地的响应情况积累数据,进而为陇中地区草地生产系统的科学管理提供技术支持。选择年龄一致、体况良好的空怀期湖羊[平均体重（31.95±1.60） kg]和小尾寒羊[平均体重（27.38±2.84） kg]各24只为试验动物,于红豆草二茬草地进行为期45 d的混群放牧试验,试验期间测定动物体重并采集瘤胃液用于瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物区系分析。结果表明：1）湖羊组始重和末重显著高于小尾寒羊组（P<0.05）,但平均日增重和体重增长率显著低于小尾寒羊组（P<0.05）。2）小尾寒羊组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于湖羊组（P<0.05）。3）小尾寒羊组瘤胃微生物Shannon指数显著高于湖羊组（P<0.05）,Simpson指数显著低于湖羊组（P<0.05）。4）在门水平上,湖羊组的优势菌门依次为变形菌门（58.81%）、拟杆菌门（17.21%）和厚壁菌门（16.09%）,而小尾寒羊组的优势菌门依次为厚壁菌门（36....     

饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响,本试验在基础饲粮中分别添加0（对照）、1%和2%的怀山药,选择健康状况良好的180尾鲤[（75.25±1.45） g],随机分为3组,每组3个重复。饲养8周后检测其生长性能、肠道酶活性、肠组织形态、肠道防御屏障相关基因表达以及肠道内容物短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量和肠道菌群的变化。结果显示：1）与对照组相比,添加怀山药对鲤生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）,但可以增加肠微绒毛密度和完整性,增加杯状细胞数量、肠道黏膜褶皱数量和肠绒毛高度,从而改善鲤肠道组织结构,提高吸收表面积。2）与对照组相比,怀山药组肠道组织过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强（P>0.05）,白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因相对表达量显著升高（P<0.05）,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、闭合蛋白（Occludin）、紧密连接蛋白-1(ZO-1)和Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因相对表达量也显著上调（P<0.05）。3）肠道菌群高通量测序结果表明,在门水平上,梭杆菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门是鲤肠道的优势类群。与对照组相比...     

不同乳脂率奶牛瘤胃微生物及其代谢物差异分析

本研究旨在分析不同乳脂率奶牛瘤胃微生物及其代谢物的差异。本试验基于江苏省某奶牛场2020年的中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）数据,选取胎次、泌乳天数及产奶量相近的高乳脂率奶牛（H组）及低乳脂率奶牛（L组）各5头,收集瘤胃液及奶样,测定常规乳成分指标、瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸浓度与消化酶活性;通过16S rDNA测序和非靶向液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）代谢组学技术分析瘤胃微生物组成及其代谢物。结果显示：相同饲粮条件下,H组和L组的乳脂率分别为5.82%和3.60%,二者差异极显著（P<0.01）。H组瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸比值显著高于L组（P <0.05）。16S rDNA测序结果表明瘤胃内厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为优势菌门,且H组Kiritimatiellaeota的相对丰度显著低于L组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属1(Prevotella＿1)、解琥珀酸弧菌属（Succiniclasticum）和琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001(Succinivibrionaceae＿UCG-0...