保护性耕作下小麦和豌豆投入产出能值分析

应用能值分析的基本理论和方法,探讨了传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作+地膜覆盖(TP)、免耕+地膜覆盖(NTP)等不同耕作模式下小麦和豌豆的投入产出能值,测算了其净能值产出率、能值投入率、宏观经济价值。结果表明:同一耕作方式下,种植小麦能值投入大于豌豆,豌豆能值产出是小麦的5倍以上,且豌豆宏观经济价值远远大于小麦;不同耕作方式下,两种作物净能值产出率均为免耕处理大于相应的耕作处理;由于传统耕作的三种模式人工和机械费用的投入远高于免耕三种模式,使得耕作处理下能值总投入大于相应的免耕处理;免耕+秸秆覆盖处理下,小麦和豌豆净能值产出率和宏观经济价值均达到最大,分别达到了0.64、3.93和9.26、53.1。说明免耕+秸秆覆盖不仅能够实现节约投入,而且可以增产增收,能够达到生态经济效益的最优。     

血吸虫的抗原伪装研究进展

抗原伪装是包括寄生虫在内的病原体的一种逃避宿主免疫反应方式.血吸虫在宿主间的转移实验证明了血吸虫具有抗原伪装现象.在血吸虫生活史的主要阶段均发现了许多与宿主相同的抗原以及众多的免疫抑制物质.这些物质有些是血吸虫自身表达的,有些是血吸虫结合的宿主抗原.它们通过掩盖血吸虫抗原等多种机理伪装血吸虫进而使血吸虫逃避宿主的免疫攻击.     

Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves white matter lesions in hypertensive rats

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) improves white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (n=33) were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=9), treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlusion (RHRSP-modified 2VO) + ambrisentan (n=12)] and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO + vehicle (n=12)]. Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition. The protein levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cortex, corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively. The severity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology. RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant. The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency (P<0.05), more times of crossing platform (P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen (P<0.05), respectively, improved WMLs severity (P<0.05) and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION:Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.     

Influence of paricalcitol on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To investigate the effect of paricalcitol (P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN).METHODS: DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after fasting. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:the DN rats in paricalcitol-intervened group (group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg (3 times a week); the DN rats in DN group (group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol. Normal control group (group C) was also set up. The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks. The biochemical indexes were measured. The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4, β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (2) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (3) The expression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05). (4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.     

EZH2-mediated regulation of NF-κB target gene expression in gastric cancer

AIM: To explore the mechanism by which over-expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines is involved in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to examine the mRNA and protein levels of EZH2, respectively. MTS assay, cell migration and soft agar assay were performed to investigate the role of EZH2 in the regulation of stomach cancer behaviors. The effect of EZH2 on NF-κB target gene expression was determined by Luciferase reporter and real-time PCR. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the interaction of EZH2 and p65 in HEK293T cells. RESULTS: The expression levels of EZH2 were significantly increased in the gastric cancer cells compared with normal gastric epithelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition by DZNep or knockdown of EZH2 significantly compromised AGS and SNU-16 cell activity, cell migration and anchorage-independent cell growth. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of EZH2 impaired NF-κB downstream targets, such as IL-8, CXCL5 and CCL20. In addition, the interaction of EZH2 and p65 was detected. CONCLUSION: EZH2 mediates the growth of gastric cancer cells through the regulation of NF-κB downstream gene expression.     

高温闷棚技术在大棚辣椒连作生产上的应用

为研究大棚辣椒土传病害绿色防控技术,选择不同的高温闷棚杀菌方法,以本地传统的高温炕地杀菌方法为对照,调查不同处理对地温和土壤pH值的影响,调查不同处理大棚辣椒的根结线虫、疫病、枯萎病、青枯病和根腐病的发生为害情况,测量大棚辣椒产量。结果表明,应用石灰氮、覆盖地膜和大棚膜进行高温闷棚对大棚辣椒土传病害有较好的防治效果。     

湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后瘤胃发酵与微生物区系的变化

本试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发酵与微生物区系变化,为幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育变化理论以及羔羊的早期培育等提供依据。选择初生重接近的湖羊公羔(3.81 kg±0.55 kg)16只,1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄断奶。分别于断奶前(21日龄)、后(42日龄)各选择5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃发酵、酶活和微生物区系。结果表明,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶活性均极显著高于断奶前(P<0.01)。断奶后瘤胃菌群多样性和丰富度均低于断奶前(P<0.05)。断奶前后的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,拟杆菌门为第一优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占61.96%和65.36%,厚壁菌门为第二优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占32.08%和24.03%;两菌门之和在断奶前后分别占瘤胃总菌门的94.04%和89.39%。断奶前后的优势菌属均为unidentified_Prevotellaceae,分别占21.85%和38.49%。断奶前后羔羊瘤胃微生物的功能没有显著变化,都主要集中在复制和修复、碳水化合物代谢和翻译等途径。以上结果说明,羔羊早期断奶后的瘤胃发酵和酶活增强,菌群多样性和丰富度有所降低,在早期断奶前后的优势菌群和功能相似。     

羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染小鼠脾脏转录组分析

试验旨在探索羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵宿主脾脏组织中引发的免疫应答途径。首先利用羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌(HN01菌株)感染小鼠,建立羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染的动物模型;之后利用转录组测序技术获得感染小鼠与正常小鼠的脾脏转录组数据,并使用COG、KOG、eggNOG、GO、KEGG数据库对测序结果中的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行功能注释与分析,同时对于显著富集到关键免疫通路的差异表达基因使用STRING软件和KEGG mapper进行蛋白互作分析,筛选出核心通路中起关键作用的基因;最后选取关键的10个基因进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。转录组分析结果显示,与正常组相比,感染组中筛选出3 380个差异表达基因(P<0.01,log₂|FoldChange|≥0.5),其中1 691个基因上调,1 689个下调。基因功能富集分析结果表明,感染组脾脏中的差异表达基因主要发挥信号转导的功能,其主要参与的生物途径包括细胞因子与细胞因子受体互作通路、趋化因子信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路。蛋白互作分析筛选出约28个核心差异表达基因,结合实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证后,其中9个基因的表达结果与测序一致,分别是C3、Cd4、Cxcl13、Lck、Gnai1、Grap2、IL-6、Cxcr6及Serping1基因。本研究初步证明了脾脏在抵抗多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵中参与了一系列免疫应答反应,为进一步研究羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌与宿主之间相互作用的分子机制奠定理论基础。     

刺青瓜种子高压静电场处理生化指标试验

选用不同的高压静电场处理参数。采用U5(5^4)均匀设计安排试验。对刺青瓜种子进行电场处理，测定其发芽期的发芽势、发芽率、SOD、VC、MDA等生化指标变化，并建立了相应的数学模型，寻找出刺青瓜种子的最佳静电场处理参数。     

基于土地利用结构的河流岸带生态系统服务簇识别

河流岸带生态系统服务功能的有效发挥是河流生态系统稳定且健康的重要保障之一。为识别河流岸带土地利用与生态服务价值的空间结构,本文从河流岸带保护角度选取水资源保护、净化环境、水文调节、土壤保持、维持养分循环、生物多样性六项生态服务功能,基于遥感影像解译的土地利用数据,运用修正的当量因子法估算得到生态服务价值的空间分布规律,进而进行层次聚类分析识别河流岸带生态服务簇,并应用于太湖流域湖西区溧阳市县级河流——竹箦河作为实例研究。结果表明：（1）竹箦河河流岸带六项生态服务价值呈现出显著的空间异质性和聚集性。（2）竹箦河河流岸带可划分为五大类生态服务簇,分别为水源涵养型、绿色多元型、经济生态型、生态脆弱型以及耗水污染型。（3）各类服务簇的生态系统服务特点与空间布局分异明显,与岸带实际土地利用结构相协调,揭示了竹箦河河流岸带生态服务功能普遍较薄弱的现状。本文的研究结果可为竹箦河及类似平原地区骨干河流岸带功能区划分以及河流岸带生态保护与修复方案的制定提供理论参考。