细粒棘球蚴TSP1和TSP6基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了研究绵羊细粒棘球蚴重要抗原基因Tetraspanin 1-TSP1(TSP1)和Tetraspanin 1-TSP6(TSP6)的功能,对Gen Bank中Eg基因组数据库检索,获得TSP1和TSP6的c DNA序列并设计特异性引物。以Eg头节为总RNA模板,进行RT-PCR,将PCR产物克隆到p MD19-T载体后测序并进行生物信息学分析。TSP1 c DNA全长792个核苷酸,编码263个氨基酸,该多肽含有3个潜在的N端糖基化位点,2个N端酰基化位点,与已登录的标准株TSP1基因序列(EG_11043)同源性为98.99%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为98.48%;TSP6 c DNA全长666个核苷酸,编码221个氨基酸,该多肽含有5个N端酰基化位点,1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点,与已登录的标准株TSP6基因序列(EG_00715)同源性为98.18%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为85.07%。运用分子生物学软件对Eg TSP1和TSP6基因进行生物信息学分析,预测已知序列的蛋白质抗原的结构和表位,为疫苗的研发奠定了前期基础。     

土壤侵蚀遥感快速调查中有关技术问题的商榷

应用RS,GIS,GPS进行土壤侵蚀快速调查是将高新技术应用于生产实践的有益尝试,也是"3S"技术在水土保持中应用研究的前沿。土壤侵蚀调查是一项十分繁复的任务。在总结历次遥感侵蚀调查经验的基础上,针对第3次土壤侵蚀遥感调查中存在的有关技术问题,如信息源问题、土地利用定性参考层中存在的问题及技术路线中存的问题等进行了分析,并提出了相应的建议与同行商榷,供决策层参考。     

水稻空间诱变的遗传变异及突变体的AFLP分子标记

搭载“神舟三号”航天飞船的水稻纯合种子在返回地面后SP3代种子出现颖壳、茎杆和叶片的主脉变异为金黄色的突变体,其他性状无明显变异,经遗传分析,颜色变异属一对隐性基因控制的性状变异。同时利用AFLP分子标记的方法,对航天诱变的水稻突变体进行基因组对比分析,通过聚丙烯酰胺电泳寻找突变体(黄金1号)多态性DNA片段,经过一系列引物筛选,找到了5条多态性DNA条带,对开展突变体基因功能研究和杂交水稻聚合育种有十分重要的意义。     

不同培肥方式对西藏中部退化土壤的影响

对西藏中部土壤复退过程中土壤物理、化学 (养分 )、生物变化及其效应进行了探讨 ,初步结果表明 ,在西藏高原生态条件下 ,有机肥 ,特别是有机—无机肥配合施用在短期内对降低土壤容重 ,提高土壤孔度 ,增加 1～ 3 mm水稳性团聚体数量 ,提高土壤养分和有机质含量 ,促进土壤生物繁殖具有显著作用 ,并呈随有机肥投入量递增而显著增加的趋势 ,化肥 (包括化肥平衡施用 )的综合效应则相对较低。大幅度提高土壤有机质含量及供钾水平是退化土壤肥力恢复过程中面临的重要问题。不同培肥方式的土壤微生物数量构成中细菌均占绝对优势 ,对作物营养具较大贡献 ;化肥、有机—无机肥配合施用不利于土壤真菌、放线菌数量的提高     

不同玉米基因型的磷效率和相对生物性状的差异及其回归模型研究

以32个不同玉米基因型为材料,在低磷和高磷两个供磷水平下,分析不同玉米基因型生物学性状和磷效率的基因型差异,根据相对生物学性状与磷效率,磷吸收效率和磷利用效率与磷效率进行多元线性回归分析,分别建立它们的最优回归方程,同时进行耐低磷基因型的筛选。结果表明,相对株高、相对地上部干重、相对地下部干重和相对叶龄基因型间变异范围分别为0.3090～0.9780、0.3140～0.947、0.3671～1.400和0.4550～0.790;磷效率、磷吸收效率和磷利用效率基因型间变异范围分别为0.1960～0.935、0.8794～4.235和0.6211～1.764。相对地下部干重对磷效率的回归系数显著,建立磷效率与相对地下部干重的最优回归模型为:Y=-0.087+0.702X3,(P0.05;R2=0.6549);磷吸收效率和磷利用效率对磷效率的偏回归系数均显著,建立磷效率与磷吸收效率和磷利用效率二者的最优回归模型为:Y=-0.379+0.274.X1+0.301.X2,(P0.05;R2=0.7390)。耐低磷基因型的筛选结果表明,待选材料中,磷效率和相对生物性状都优良的只有178和082两个基因型,其他大部分基因型的磷效率和相对生物性状都是中低类型。     

干热河谷区紫檀与柚木生长适应性研究初探

通过引进实生苗开展栽植试验,并观测和分析苗木成活率、基径、树高和叶片净光合速率,研究了紫檀与柚木在干热河谷区的生长适应性。结果表明：紫檀可能较为适应干热河谷的气候条件,栽植早期通过人工抚育和肥料管理,可望达到较好效果;柚木的适应性较差,生长受限,人工栽植措施还有待进一步研究。     

降水和气温因子与造林成活率关系的调查与分析

对东丰县大阳林场2006～2010年连续5 a的造林成活率进行调查,分析其与降水和气温两个因子的关系,结果表明：在造林树种、密度、立地条件和苗木质量基本相同的前提下,年平均温度是影响造林成活率的最关键因子,此外,3～5份的温度对成活率亦有显著影响,低温常导致造林成活率降低。降水量在满足苗木成活的基本要求后,其作用不甚明...     

耕作、残茬及施肥管理对土壤有机质动态变化影响的情景分析

Based on data from 10-year field experiments on residue/fertilizer management in the dryland farming region of northern China, Century model was used to simulate the site-specific ecosystem dynamics through adjustment of the model＇s parameters, and the applicability of the model to propose soil organic carbon （SOC） management temporally and spatially, in cases such as of tillage/residue/fertilization management options, was identified v/a scenario analysis.Results between simulations and actual measurements were in close agreement when appropriate applications of stover,manure and inorganic fertilizer were combined. Simulations of extreme C/N ratios with added organic materials tended to underestimate the measured effects. Scenarios of changed tillage methods, residue practices and fertilization options showed potential to maintain and enhance SOC in the long run, while increasing inorganic N slowed down the SOC turnover rate but did not create a net C sink without any organic C input. The Century model simulation showed a good relationship between annual C inputs to the soil and the rate of C sequestration in the top 20 cm layer and provided quantitative estimations of changes in parameters crucial for sustainable land use and management. Conservation tillage practices for sustainable land use should be integrated with residue management and appreciable organic and inorganic fertilizer application, adapted according to the local residue resource, soil fertility and production conditions. At least 50% residue return into the soil was needed annually for maintenance of SOC balance, and manure amendment was important for enhancement of SOC in small crop-livestock systems in which crop residue land application was limited.     

Aggregate Stability and Its Relationship with Some ChemicalProperties of Red Soils in Subtropical China

The stability of aggregates in the surface soil is crucial to soil erosion and runoff generation. Thus, to understand the stability and the breakdown mechanisms of soil aggregates as well as the relationship between aggregate stability and selected soil chemical properties, such as different forms of Fe and A1 oxides, organic matter, CEC and clay content, the aggregates of slightly and severely eroded red soils derived from Quaternary red clay in subtropical China were analyzed using the routine wet sieving and the Le Bissonnais methods. The results indicated that the aggregates of the severely eroded soils were more stable than those of the slightly eroded soils. Different aggregate breakdown mechanisms resulted in different particle size distribution. The slaking from entrapped air in aggregates severely destroyed the soil aggregates,especially in the slightly eroded soils. Meanwhile, mechanical breakdown and microcracking had little effect on the aggregates compared to slaking. The fragments resulting from slaking were mainly microaggregates that increased in size with increasing clay content. The main fragment size of the slightly eroded soils was 1.0-0.2 mm, while for the severely eroded soils it was 5.0-2.0 mm and 1.0-0.5 mm. Overall, more than 20% of the fragments were smaller than 0.2 mm.In addition, aggregate stability was positively and often significantly correlated with Fed, Ald, Feo and clay content, but significantly and negatively correlated to SOC.