中早熟番茄新品种“黄山1号”的选育及 抗青枯病鉴定

摘 要：为进一步提升王家寨民俗村的旅游品位,对该村的景观进行了修订性的规划,并运用AutoCAD绘制了景观现状平面图和景观规划平面图,然后分析规划前后景观指数变化,结果表明：规划后各类型斑块数量和密度绝大部分有所增加,景观斑块形状破碎化指数变化较大,多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数均有大幅提高,总之,规划后景观类型集中程度加强,景观更加丰富多彩,旅游设施更为完善,有利于旅游业的发展。     

饲用微生物评价研究进展

随着饲用微生物产品的发展,饲用微生物评价方法相应而生。该文综述了饲用微生物品种鉴定,耐酸性和耐胆盐一般特性评价,生产功效评价,粘附作用、抑菌作用和免疫刺激作用评价的研究进展,期望为建立完善的饲用微生物评价体系提供参考。     

11株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌OmpA基因克隆测序及其序列分析

为了解国内禽多杀性巴氏杆菌流行株（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）OmpA基因的变异情况,参考GenBank中已发表的多杀性巴氏杆菌序列设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR方法对11个禽Pm菌株和3个荚膜型参考株（A,B,D）的OmpA基因进行扩增,将各菌株纯化回收的扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接,筛选阳性克隆进行测序。结果表明：14个菌株的OmpA基因开放阅读框在1 047～1 077 bp之间,其中长度为1 062 bp的有9个菌株;Signal IP 4.0预测表明,信号肽均为N端21个氨基酸残基,成熟蛋白氨基酸残基数量在327～332之间,推测的分子量为35.19～36.35 kD。与GenBank中12个菌株OmpA基因核苷酸序列比对及遗传进化分析发现,核苷酸同源性为85.3%～100%;氨基酸同源性为83.1%～100%;其中C48-1,1010,9003,890920,921012,xj等6个国内禽Pm分离株OmpA序列同源性为100%。由此可见国内禽Pm菌株OmpA基因非常保守。     

郑单958与先玉335黄淮海北部物候期特点分析

【研究目的】为了实时掌握夏玉米在黄淮海北部生长发育进程,综合评价环境因素对玉米生长发育的影响,调查分析了郑单958与先玉335在北纬37°53′、东经115°42′的物候期特征。夏播玉米郑单958与先玉335播种后6d出苗,生育期间为111d,灌浆期持续66d,叶片展开速率和灌浆速率随温度升高而加速,收获前6d（10月5-11日期间）,郑单958与先玉335产量贡献率分别达6.61%和4.20%。【结论】分析结果认为,黄淮海区域属于一年两熟种植模式,黄淮海北部夏玉米一般不能达到完熟收获。选用中早熟品种,及早抢播、适时晚收,保证玉米充足的有效积温和授粉后充足的灌浆时间可以显著提高玉米产量。     

芬兰慢行绿道建设特点及启示

慢行绿道是芬兰以行人和自行车游憩与通勤为主导功能的主要城市交通系统。文中在分析芬兰城市慢行绿道建设特点的基础上,针对我国慢行绿道建设现状和具体国情,提出了发展城市慢行绿道的几点建议。       

2000-2010年鹤壁市生态足迹动态分析

生态足迹是一种定量测定人类对自然资源利用程度的新方法。为了客观反映鹤壁市市域资源消耗与供给状况,本研究引入生态足迹理论与方法,分析了鹤壁市近10年生态足迹和生态承载力的动态变化。结果表明,2000-2010年期间鹤壁市人均生态足迹呈递增趋势,由2000年的1.373 7 hm2/人增长到2010年的4.342 0hm2/人,年均增幅21.6%。化石能源用地是鹤壁市人均生态足迹增大的主要原因。人均生态承载力总体呈现下降趋势,由0.299 0 hm2/人降至0.280 5 hm2/人,降幅6.2%。人均生态足迹与人均生态承载力之比由2000年的4.59:1增至2010年的15.48:1。鹤壁市一直处于生态赤字状态,且呈加剧趋势,其发展处于不可持续状态。       

多花木兰人工生态恢复植物群落种群竞争及其生态位研究

为了掌握常吉高速公路边坡多花木兰人工生态恢复植物群落的种间竞争和生态位等生长状况,运用Hegyi的单木竞争指数模型、Shannon-Wiener公式和Shoener公式对多花木兰人工植物群落的种内与种间竞争强度、生态位宽度与生态位重叠进行研究。结果表明：多花木兰种内竞争能力与个体的地径径级成正比,多花木兰竞争能力大于刺槐、小叶女贞,原有配置的马尾松等植物已经死亡;群落各种群生态位宽度的大小顺序为：多花木兰>刺槐>小叶女贞,分别为2.271、2.147、2.088;群落各种群的生态位重叠值较大,多花木兰和刺槐的生态位重叠值最大,为0.793,多花木兰和小叶女贞生态位重叠值最小,为0.632。多花木兰能够很好地适应高速公路边坡环境,群落中已经被淘汰的其他竞争力太弱的树种不适合与多花木兰混植。     

Functional response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus robur</Emphasis> L. to taproot pruning: a 5-year case study

Key message

Quercus robur seedling mass was affected more by planting density than by taproot pruning. Root pruning enhanced stem biomass at the expense of roots in later growth stages. Alteration of biomass allocation due to nursery practices may result in greater susceptibility to injury and death of the seedlings under unfavorable environmental conditions.

Context

Plants adjust their growth and modulate the resource allocation in response to applied treatments and environmental conditions.

Aims

The aim was to examine how taproot pruning in seedlings grown at different densities affected long-term growth of Quercus robur.

Methods

Seedlings, sown as acorns at two planting densities, with or without pruned roots were harvested in the second, fourth, and fifth years of growth. The effect of root pruning on biomass allocation was determined by measuring leaf, stem, and root mass fractions; carbohydrate concentrations in the roots; and C/N ratios. Specific leaf area and root length were also determined to assess morphological adaptations to growth conditions.

Results

Total seedling mass was affected more by planting density than by taproot pruning. After 4 years of growth, root mass fractions were lower and stem mass fractions were greater in seedlings planted at a higher density. Five-year old root-pruned seedlings also had a lower root mass fraction and higher stem mass fractions than unpruned seedlings. Specific root length was not affected by root pruning or planting density.

Conclusion

Decrease of relative root biomass with simultaneous increase of stem biomass may be a long-term consequence of taproot pruning of Q. robur, and the effects may manifest years after the seedling stage.

     

Effects of corn straw or mixed forage diet on rumen fermentation parameters of lactating cows using a wireless data logger

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different forage types on rumen fermentation parameters and profiles using a wireless data logger. Eight lactating cows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments with a low forage diet with corn straw (CS) or a high forage diet with mixed forage (MF) as the forage source, respectively. Dietary physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content was 11.3% greater in CS. Dry matter intake and milk fatty acid content decreased upon CS (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) were monitored for 14 weeks. The CS group had significantly higher pH but lower temperature and ORP compared to MF (P < 0.01). With the CS diet regime, pH at the time before morning feeding, rumination and post‐ingestion were significantly higher than those in the MF group (P < 0.05). However, times with the ruminal pH below 6.0 and 5.8 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas ruminal pH below 5.6 tended to be lower (P = 0.07). The results indicated that rumen fermentation parameters were affected by forage types and dietary peNDF content might be predominant in ruminal pH regulation.     

洞庭湖区棉花精准直播技术及应用

介绍了棉花精准直播技术在洞庭湖区的研究与应用,并详细介绍了其栽培技术.实践表明进行棉花精准直播技术可节省人工45～75个/hm2,节省肥料20%左右,增产10%左右,提高投入产出效率24.1%左右.