大栗鳃金龟生物学特性与防治研究

大栗鳃金龟自１９８５年首次在临夏太子山林区发生后，以５年为一周期于１９９０年、１９９５年定期发生。该虫以幼虫和成虫在土壤内越冬，也以幼虫和成虫对林木幼苗造成巨大为害。幼虫期采用５０％辛硫磷乳剂６００倍液、８０％敌敌畏乳剂６００倍液，防治效果达９０％以上。成虫期采用黑光灯诱杀、人工捕捉，２５％氧乐菊酿乳剂８００倍液或“６６６”烟剂防治，均能收到很好的效果。     

大庆野生石刁柏发现初报

2004年在黑龙江大庆发现野生石刁柏,在高寒地带,有野生石刁柏生长,还无报导。将野生石刁柏的形态特征报道如下。     

昆虫生长调节剂抑太保防治马尾松毛虫试验初报

应用抑太保防治马尾松毛虫4－5龄幼虫，24h后害虫开始死亡，第4天达到死亡高峰，第10天虫口校正减退率平均达84％以上；防治药剂费用3.0元/hm^2，具有见效快、防治成本低的优点，是一种防治马尾松毛虫的理想药剂。     

Improving the design of long-term monitoring experiments in forests: a new method for the assessment of local soil variability by combining infrared spectroscopy and dendrometric data

Key message

Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy allows for the detection of local patterns of forest soil properties. In combination with dendrometric data, it may be used as a prospective tool for determining soil heterogeneity before setting up long-term forest monitoring experiments.

Context

Forest soils and stands generally exhibit higher spatial heterogeneity than other terrestrial ecosystems. This variability needs be taken into account before setting up long-term forest monitoring experiments to avoid multiple interactions between local heterogeneity and the factors tested in the experiment.

Aims

We hypothesized that raw near- and mid-infrared spectra can be used as an integrated proxy of a large set of soil properties. The use of this method, in combination with dendrometric data, should provide a quick and cost-effective tool for optimizing the design of experimental forest sites.

Methods

We assessed the local soil heterogeneity at 11 experimental sites in oak and beech stands, which belong to a new forest long-term ecological research (LTER) network. We used near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy in soil and litter samples. The spectra were subjected to principal components analyses (PCA) to determine the intra-site variability of the soil and litter layers.

Results

Based on mapped PCA coordinates and basic dendrometric data, it was possible to design the experiment and minimize the interactions between the treatment layout and the tested variables. The method was validated with chemical analyses of the soil. No interaction was detected at the set-up of the experiment between the treatment layout and chemical soil properties (C, N, C/N ratio, pH, CEC, Al, Mg, P₂O₅, Fe, Mn, Na, and K).

Conclusion

Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a useful tool for characterizing the overall heterogeneity of soil chemical properties. It can be used without any preliminary calibration. In combination with dendrometric data, it provides a reliable method for optimizing LTER plots in different types of ecosystems.

     

白马鸡人工驯养初步研究

通过人工饲养的方式探索出白马鸡驯养的经验,即:在野生白马鸡适宜生境下建立饲养场,从育雏阶段开始进行人工投食饲养和本地土鸡带领相结合的驯养方式。目前已经完成从子一代到子二代的完整驯养、饲养流程,取得了云南省林业厅的驯养繁殖许可证。对育雏、亚成体、成体阶段的喂食量、存活情况等作了分析,认为接近原始生境的环境及本地带雏母鸡是成功的重要条件。     

Abundance and richness of invertebrates in shade-grown versus sun-exposed coffee home gardens in Indonesia

Agroforestry Systems - Complex agroforestry systems are suggested as a possible solution to reduce the effects of deforestation in the tropics while enhancing the livelihoods of local human...     

白马鸡的人工孵化研究

采用异亲鸟孵化与机器孵化2种繁殖方法对白马鸡种卵孵化的出雏率、种卵失重率等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,异亲鸟孵化成功率达87%以上,机器孵化的出雏率为85%;发育正常的白马鸡种卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化不大,在13%左右;无发育能力的白马鸡卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化较大,在11%~17%之间变动。在白马鸡人工孵化过程中种卵选择是孵化成功的先决条件。     

3种不同规模化培养模式对湛江等鞭金藻生产力及色素含量的影响

为进一步提高湛江等鞭金藻室外规模化培养效率,对管道式光生物反应器、聚乙烯桶和水泥池3种微藻室外规模化培养模式下湛江等鞭金藻的藻密度进行了评估比较.试验将接种藻密度控制为10.0×104 cells/mL,培养周期为16 d.结果显示:管道式光生物反应器培养模式下,生产力相对最高为0.0543 g/L/d、比生长速率为0...     

杂交水稻不同器官重金属铅浓度与累积量

以生长于盆钵中的两系杂交稻和三系杂交稻共6个组合为试验材料,设置土壤铅(Pb)浓度为500mg/kg和不加Pb土壤(对照)两个处理,测定水稻植株不同器官Pb的浓度和累积量。结果表明,Pb处理降低了两优培九、103S/郑粳2号、丰优香占和汕优63的产量,主要是每穗粒数减少,对其余组合的产量无显著影响;不同基因型水稻植株对Pb吸收与积累存在差异,以103S/郑粳2号和两优培九累积量最多,K优818累积量最少;水稻植株不同器官Pb的浓度和累积量的大小顺序为根>茎鞘>叶片。籽粒不同部位Pb的浓度大小顺序为糠层>颖壳>精米,精米中Pb累积量仅为谷粒的25%左右,精米中Pb的浓度以103S/郑粳2号最高,K优818最低;在抽穗期和成熟期,同一器官Pb浓度与累积量呈显著或极显著正相关,但不同器官之间的相关不显著。对不同杂交稻组合植株中Pb浓度和累积量差异的原因进行了讨论。     

Anti-Mycobacterial Nucleoside Antibiotics from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. TPU1236A

Five new nucleoside antibiotics, named streptcytosines A–E (1–5), and six known compounds, de-amosaminyl-cytosamine (6), plicacetin (7), bamicetin (8), amicetin (9), collismycin B (10), and SF2738 C (11), were isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. TPU1236A collected in Okinawa, Japan. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data (HRFABMS, IR, UV, and 2D NMR experiments including ¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectra). Streptcytosine A (1) belonged to the amicetin group antibiotics, and streptcytosines B–E (2–5) were derivatives of de-amosaminyl-cytosamine (6), 2,3,6-trideoxyglucopyranosyl cytosine. Compound 1 inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC = 32 µg/mL), while compounds 2–5 were not active at 50 µg/disc. Bamicetin (8) and amicetin (9) showed the MICs of 16 and 8 µg/mL, respectively.