越南香枝木解剖构造及物理力学性能研究

确定了越南香枝木中文名为越南黄檀。对越南香枝木的构造特征进行解剖研究,并测试了越南香枝木主要的物理力学性能。结果表明,越南香枝木密度大,干缩率中等,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量高、端面硬度高。此外,比较了越南香枝木与海南香枝木的构造特征,结果显示两者之间管孔、木射线与轴向薄壁组织差异较为明显,可以作为鉴别依据。     

The challenges of reusing mining and mineral-processing wastes

Mining and mineral-processing wastes are one of the world's largest chronic waste concerns. Their reuse should be included in future sustainable development plans, but the potential impacts on a number of environmental processes are highly variable and must be thoroughly assessed. The chemical composition and geotechnical properties of the source rock determine which uses are most appropriate and whether reuse is economically feasible. If properly evaluated, mining waste can be reused to reextract minerals, provide additional fuel for power plants, supply construction materials, and repair surface and subsurface land structures altered by mining activities themselves.     

Influence of increasing slaughter age of chickens on meat quality, welfare, and technical and economic results

Because of the increasing demand for raw cuts and processed products, there is a trend to producing very heavy broilers. Breeds that are used for such kinds of production have been intensively selected for growth rate and breast meat yield, and birds are reared for a longer period than standard broilers. This study was to evaluate the effects of increasing slaughter age on technical and economic factors, including production efficiency and environmental costs, bird welfare, and breast meat quality in a modern heavy broiler line. Five groups of 300 male Ross 708 chickens were reared until slaughter ages of 35, 42, 49, 56, or 63 d. Increasing age at slaughter from 35 to 63 d resulted in a 7.4-fold increase (P < 0.01) in mortality rate (5.21 vs. 0.70%). It also increased (P < 0.001) the slaughter weight and ADFI of birds 2.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively, without affecting their G:F. Under our experimental conditions, economic profit evaluated through the net gain reached a maximum at 42 d. The moisture and ammonium content of litter increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) rapidly during rearing concomitantly with increased (P < 0.05) occurrence and severity of contact dermatitis and decreased (P < 0.05) walking ability and activity of birds. Thermal comfort also decreased (P < 0.05) greatly as early as 42 d of age. Changes in carcass quality occurred mainly between 35 and 56 d of age, with a progressive increase (P < 0.001) in breast and leg yield, whereas body fatness was barely affected by age. Major changes in breast meat traits were observed between 35 and 49 d of age, with an increase in muscle pH at 15 min (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.001) postmortem and reduced (P < 0.001) lightness and drip loss. The protein and lipid content of raw breast meat also increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) with age. Taking into account the main aspects of sustainability, we could recommend slaughtering chickens of heavy line at 42 d of age.     

First genetic characterization of equine adenovirus type 1 (EAdV-1) in Turkey

Equine adenovirus type 1 (EAdV-1) is a cause of repiratory tract infection in equids. In present study for the first time in Turkey, the prevalence of EAdV-1 in nasal swab samples obtained from horses showing respiratory symptoms was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and molecular characterization of the hexon gene detected in the Turkish (TR) strain was performed. Overall, the prevalence of EAdV-1 was found low (1.4%) as indicated by a positive PCR reaction from the nasal swab extracts tested. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial sequences of the hexon gene of a TR-EAdV-1 strain with those of previously isolated AdVs from different mammals and an EAdV-1 M1 strain showed that the EAdV-1 strains were placed into a unique cluster. Although the TR-EAdV-1 strain was closely related to CAV-1, CAV-2 and bat adenovirus reference strains, larger-scale studies are necessary to better understand the molecular epidemiology and population structure of EAdV-1 in Turkey.     

Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and γ-Oryzanol on Blood Biochemical Markers in Exercising Thoroughbred Race Horses

In both the horse and the man, nutritional ergogenic aids have been used to improve physical ability in conjunction with an appropriate training regimen. Although training increases physical condition, the ease of taking a nutritional additive to improve training results explains the demand for supplementation, which may increase mechanical energy of work, delay onset of fatigue, or improve neuromuscular coordination. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and γ-oryzanol (GO) on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in Thoroughbred race horses. In this 32-week study, the horses were assigned to either a placebo, GO (3.0 g/d), HMB (15 g/d), or GO and HMB treatment groups. The supplements were administered for the first 16 weeks of the study during the training period before the racing season began. Blood samples were taken at baseline, and then during training, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Heart rate and speed were monitored in each exercise session. Hematocrit, glucose, lactate (LA), creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase were measured before and after each exercise session. Analysis of variance showed a significantly greater increase in postexercise creatine kinase activity in placebo-supplemented group than in the other treatment groups, both in the training period and during the racing seasons (P < .05). Blood LA was higher immediately after exercise in the placebo group compared with the supplemented groups. In conclusion, supplementation with HMB and GO resulted in decreased creatine kinase and LA after exercise. These findings support the hypothesis that HMB and GO supplementation helps to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.     

不同月季品种耐阴性比较研究

以8个月季品种为试验材料,进行透光率25%、50%、75%和100%的遮阴处理,测定了其脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明:8个月季品种在不同透光条件下耐阴程度有所不同,同一品种在不同透光处理下各项生理指标的反应也不尽完全相同,多数品种在遮阴胁迫后叶片脯氨酸含量、可溶性总糖、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量均与ck有极显著差异(P<0.01),但各品种间差异有所不同,在透光率25%条件下,白米浓表现最好,各项指标均与ck有极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过对8个月季品种的综合分析得出,耐阴性强弱顺序依次为:白米浓(可在透光率25%的条件下生长)>玫瑰地毯、恋情火焰、猩红梅荻郎和紫微星(可在透光率50%的条件下生长)>哈德福俊(可在透光率75%的条件下生长)>巴西诺和皇家巴西诺(只在全光照条件下生长)。     

饲喂不同种类粗饲料的辽宁绒山羊瘤胃内酸碱环境及氮代谢的研究

本试验选择9只年龄3．2±0．2岁、体重50．4±2．6kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年辽宁绒山羊公羊为试验动物。采用随机区组设计,将动物分为3组,分别饲喂给以玉米秸、大豆秸、花生秸为主的1、2、3号试验日粮,每天8：00和16：00饲喂,全天自由饮水。试验预试期15d,试验期15d,连续7d测排尿量,采集瘤胃液、尿液,研究瘤胃内酸度和氮代谢参数。结果表明：三组的瘤胃液pH、乳酸浓度、总酸度、TVFA和戊酸均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。从试验1组到3组,瘤胃液TVFA浓度、乙酸浓度、丙酸浓度、异丁酸浓度、丁酸浓度、异戊酸浓度均呈增加趋势;其中试验3组的丙酸和异丁酸、异戊酸均显著（P〈O．05）高于1组;并且试验3组的丁酸极显著（P〈0．01）高于1组;其他的差异不显著（P〉0．05）。试验1组瘤胃NH4-N极显著（P〈0．01）低于试验2组和试验3组,而后两组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;试验1组uN浓度显著（P〈0．05）低于试验3组,但与试验2组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;三个试验组瘤胃液BCP浓度和MCP合成量均差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但试验2组与3组BCP浓度和MCP合成量均高于试验1组。相关分析表明,瘤胃MCP（Y,g／d）合成量与瘤胃液TVFA（x,mmol／L）浓度存在显著相关关系：y=2．32x＋2．22,r2=0．61,P〈0．05;瘤胃MCP（y,g／d）合成量与瘤胃液丙酸浓度（X,mm01／L）存在显著相关关系：y=0．23x＋9．68,r2=0．64,P〈0．05;瘤胃液MCP（Y,g／d）与UN（x,mg／L）存在显著的线性关系：y=1．32x＋2．53,r2=0．78,P〈0．05。因此,以花生秸为主的日粮瘤胃液BCP浓度、MCP合成量较高,秸秆粗饲料转化利用效率较好,提高该日粮的能量蛋白水平会进一步增加微生物蛋白的合成和动物对其的利用。     

酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响

随机选取28日龄体重为(7.51±0.72)kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪72头,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,4个处理组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,分别添加酵母β-葡聚糖0、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%。试验结果表明,28日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的酵母β-葡聚糖均能不同程度地提高仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量,降低大肠杆菌的数量,改善了断奶仔猪肠道正常菌群结构。     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

不同生态环境对甜高粱生长、糖锤度及产量的影响

试验选择8个代表性的甜高粱品种分别在半干旱地区、半湿润地区种植,研究两种生境对不同甜高梁品种苗期生长及成熟期农艺性状、生物产量、糖锤度的影响.结果表明:半干旱地区种植的甜高粱苗期生长速度高于半湿润地区,植株含水量低于半湿润地区;在成熟收获期,半干旱地区种植的甜高粱品种株高、茎粗均低于半湿润地区,生物产量均低于半湿润地区,茎秆含水量略有下降,茎秆糖锤度均高于半湿润地区,半干旱条件降低甜高粱的生物产量,增加茎秆汁液锤度.本试验为筛选适宜吉林省西部半干旱地区种植的甜高梁品种提供理论依据.