我国北方灌区地下水资源演变与农田生态环境问题

通过对北方灌区地下水形成机理及其演变态势的分析,认为气候变化和人类活动的负面效应是导致灌区与地下水有关的生态环境问题的主要原因,尤其是地下水资源量的衰减已经影响到了灌溉农业的可持续发展。针对以上问题,从水循环的角度提出充分利用灌区地下含水层的调蓄作用,通过地表水与地下水的联合利用控制水盐平衡、涵养地下水源是实现地下水资源永续利用、农田生态环境良性循环的有效途径。     

四川峨边县蒋沟矿渣侵蚀泥石流成因与特征

四川峨边县蒋沟是一条典型的矿渣型泥石流沟,在侵蚀作用下时常发生泥石流并造成严重危害。该文采用调查、测绘和综合研究相结合的方法,论述了蒋沟矿渣侵蚀泥石流的成因和特征。形成条件方面,矿渣侵蚀类泥石流具有物源集中和机械组成固定性特征;发生过程呈现出降雨-侵蚀-崩滑-搬运复合型和循环性,侵蚀成为泥石流形成和发生的关键环节;泥石流特征则主要表现为堆积物成分单一,堆积比降小,暴发频率高和地貌塑造作用强等方面。最后,针对成因和特征,提出了以水土分离、固床和护坡等工程措施为主,以矿山植被恢复措施为辅的防治建议。     

典型冰碛补给型泥石流物源补给过程与机制研究——以泸定县干沟为例

干沟位于四川省泸定县境内,是一条典型的冰碛补给型泥石流沟,其物源补给具有复合过程的特点.在野外调查的基础上,以2005年干沟泥石流为例,对该次泥石流过程的物源补给特征及过程进行了调查和分析.结果表明,干沟泥石流的物源补给过程可分为“启动型物源”和“维持型物源”2种类型,对这2种类型的物源补给方式和过程进行了阐述,可为认识冰碛补给型泥石流的形成机理、物源补给过程及防灾减灾提供科学依据.     

鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的形态观察

参照国内外对硬骨鱼类胚后发育期的分期标准,描述了鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的形态特征,记录了各个发育时期的全长和体重等增长情况,讨论了鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼发育的生态适应性。     

一例奶牛发生牛支原体肺炎的诊断

牛支原体是严重影响养牛业发展的重要病原。2008年我们报道牛支原体导致＂肉牛传染性牛支原体肺炎＂以来,主要在肉牛发现该病。本文从临床出现类似症状的运输后发病奶牛采集样本,经细菌培养和支原体培养、特异性PCR扩增和16S rRNA测序等病原学检测证实为牛支原体感染。     

新疆北部牧区雪冰灾害指数和危险性评估

根据雪冰气候事件的聚合、权重和牧业灾害损失的关系,通过[WTBX]H、L[WTBZ]指数分析,研究了新疆北部的雪冰灾害特征和危险性。研究认为,雪冰灾害具有链状结构,灾害强度与雪冰气候事件权重、聚合度有关。基于信息扩散理论,对雪冰灾害危险性进行分析评估,新疆北部雪冰灾害分布,总体呈西北─东南向带状分布,西低东高,南低北高,低山丘陵高于平原,厚积雪区域高于薄积雪区域。     

The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Oxymorphone in Hypovolemic Dogs

Blood was withdrawn from 15 dogs over the course of about 1 hour until the mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 60 mm Hg. Small aliquots of additional blood were withdrawn in order to maintain the mean arterial blood pressure near 60 mm Hg for an additional hour. Oxymorphone (0.4 mg/kg) was then administered intravenously to ten dogs, and all measurements were repeated in 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Five dogs served as controls.
Heart rate, tidal volume, arterial oxygen, oxygen extraction, and pH significantly decreased after oxymorphone administration, while systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, systemic vascular resistance (transiently), breathing rate, minute ventilation, physiologic dead space, venous admixture, venous oxygen, arterial and venous carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate concentration increased significantly. Cardiac output was also increased, but the change was not statistically significant. Oxymorphone was associated with significantly lower heart rate, tidal volume, arterial oxygen, and pH, and higher systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, venous oxygen, and arterial and venous carbon dioxide, compared to the control group, which did not receive oxymorphone.
Oxymorphone significantly improved cardiovascular performance and tissue perfusion in these hypovolemic dogs. Oxymorphone did cause a significant increase in arterial carbon dioxide and a decrease in arterial oxygenation. Oxymorphone is an opioid agonist that may represent a reasonable alternative for the induction of anesthesia in patients who are candidates for induction hypotension.