柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡盲肠和脾脏一氧化氮合酶的表达

采用NADPH—d(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate—diaphroase)组织化学法观察了雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳珠虫(E．tenella)后一氧化氮合酶(N0S)在盲肠和脾脏中的分布与表达情况。试验结果表明，所有正常鸡盲肠粘膜下层和肌层均有较深的着色，根据以往的资料和N0S的表达特性初步判断为神经元型N0S(nNOS)；试验鸡在感染后3～5d，盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮也有较深的着色，并从感染后7d开始着色减弱；而对照组鸡盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮以及对照组和试验组的脾脏几乎不着色或着色很浅。试验结果提示，盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮的着色可能是诱导型N0S(iN0S)表达的结果，而由其产生的N0参与雏鸡球虫感染过程。     

关于森林采伐管理改革的思考——以四川省乐山市沐川县为例

结合林木采伐管理情况检查,总结了沐川县森林采伐管理改革的主要做法及取得的成效,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的意见和建议。     

以色列番茄新品种引种筛选试验

为了筛选适宜越冬大棚种植的番茄新品种,以目前黄岩的番茄主栽品种汉克为对照,引进以色列、法国的硬果型番茄新品种进行对比试验,结果表明：以色列引进的艾玛582是适应越冬大棚栽培的番茄新品种,可以扩大示范种植。     

不同供氮水平下野慈菇营养元素（N）的生殖分配

通过不同氮水平稻田杂草野慈菇（Sagittatia trifolia）的取样测定,研究了野慈菇在开花前期、盛花期和结实期各构件的营养元素（N）生殖分配特点。结果表明：从开花前期到结实期,野慈菇各器官中的全氮含量及总氮含量基本呈增加趋势,根茎中氮元素分配比例上升,叶中氮元素分配比例下降,生殖器官中氮元素分配比例上升;在盛花期,氮元素分配格局表现为：叶>根茎>花>生殖附属器官（花葶）,随着供氮量的增加,根茎中氮元素分配呈增大趋势,叶中氮元素分配呈减小趋势,氮元素生殖分配比例为：N2>N3>N1>CK;在结实期分配格局,则为：根茎>叶>果>生殖附属器官（花葶）,优先将氮元素分配给营养贮藏器官--根茎,随着供氮量的增加,根茎中氮元素分配呈下降趋势,叶中氮元素分配呈上升趋势,氮元素生殖分配比例为：N3>N2>CK>N1;同时,在低供氮量下（CK和N1）,野慈菇以无性繁殖为主;在高供氮量下（N2和N3）,野慈菇则以有性繁殖为主。     

内黄林场优势树种龄级结构优化调整及评价

龄级结构是反映林分结构是否合理的主要方面,而建立森林收获调整模型是对龄级结构优化调整的重要途径。以河南省内黄林场优势树种杨树和刺槐为研究对象,基于林场2018年森林资源二类调查数据,利用线性规划和目标规划方法对林场优势树种龄级结构进行优化调整,并采用欧氏距离和平衡率对调整结构进行评价。结果表明:在调整期末各龄级面积分布均衡,2个树种龄级结构的平衡率均达到0.96,欧式距离缩小至85%以上,其中刺槐缩小达100%,接近法正状态;优势树种杨树和刺槐调整期内出材量分别达68 059.3m³和15 358.4m³,期末蓄积量分别占初期的127.6%和46.5%;优势树种杨树和刺槐碳储量期末分别达到26 797.4t和4 415.4t,分别占初期的111.3%和85%。     

干旱对沙棘休眠、萌芽期内源激素及萌芽特性的影响

以2a生中国沙棘为试验材料，研究了土壤干旱胁迫下沙棘苗木水分生理状况、内源GA1／3及ABA水平与萌芽率的关系，结果表明：土壤干旱胁迫导致苗体含水量、水势、自由水含量下降，显著提高冬季休眠与春季萌动期的内源ABA水平而降低内源GA1／3含量，GA1／3ABA降低，较晚达到萌动所需的调控阈值，萌芽延迟。重度胁迫下苗木延迟达25d且萌芽后生化缓慢。长期土壤中度干旱条件下沙棘苗萌芽期亦略有延迟，萌芽后生长略有抑制。     

Veterinary antibiotic sorption to agroforestry buffer,grass buffer and cropland soils

The potential of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) to impact human and environmental health requires the development and evaluation of land management practices that mitigate VA loss from manure-treated agroecosystems. Vegetative buffer strips (VBS) are postulated to be one management tool that can reduce VA transport to surface water resources. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfadimethoxine (SDT) sorption to agroforestry buffer, grass buffer, and cropland soils, (2) evaluate differences in VA sorption to soils collected from different vegetative management and soil series, and (3) elucidate relationships between soil properties and VA sorption. Sorption/extraction isotherms for OTC were well-fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model (r ² > 0.86). OTC was strongly adsorbed by all soils and the VA was not readily extractable. OTC and SDT solid to solution partition coefficients (K _d) values are significantly greater for soils planted to VBS relative to grain crops. Significant differences in OTC and SDT K _d values were also noted among the soil series studied. Linear regression analyses indicate that clay content and pH were the most important soil properties controlling OTC and SDT adsorption, respectively. Results from this study suggest that agroforestry and grass buffer strips may effectively mitigate antibiotic loss from agroecosystems, in part, due to enhanced antibiotic sorption properties.     

冰雪灾害对松墨天牛种群数量的影响及防治对策

2008年初,湖南省遭受了百年一遇的冰雪灾害,林业生产和森林资源遭受严重破坏,随之次生性林业有害生物危害增加。文章分析了冰雪灾害后松墨天牛种群数量明显增加的原因和危害特点,并提出物理、化学、生物防治及飞机防治等多种防治对策。     

Seasonal response of soil enzyme activity to thinning intensity of aerial seeded Pinus tabulaeformis stands

Aerial seeding is one of the most important vegetation restoration patterns in remote hilly areas, and studies concerning soil quality and its management have practical value. In 2000, a study of the effect of thinning intensities at five different treatments levels, 0 (CK), 30% (slight thinning), 48.75% (medium thinning), 53.75% (intense thinning) and 65.6% (super intense thinning) on soil enzyme activity was carried out on 9-year-old aerial seeded Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) stands with an initial density of 8000 trees/hm², in the Wang-jiapu Aerail Seeding Center, Yanqing County, Beijing. Five years later, the activities of five kinds of soil enzymes, soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, inertase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the first 20 cm of soil layer were compared during four seasons. Relationships among soil enzymes and soil physiochemical properties were also analyzed to examine the possibility of using soil enzymes to evaluate thinning intensities. The results showed that the maximum enzyme activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase occurred in June, those of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase occurred in October, and soil invetase had its maximum in April. In addition, the five soil enzymes were affected differently by thinning intensities. Soil catalase, urease and invertase showed the highest response to a slight thinning, followed by medium thinning, which is the opposite experienced with polyphenol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase. There are statistically significant and positive relationships between soil enzymes and organic matter and available K. It should be noted that soil water was a limiting factor to soil enzyme activity. Compared with soil physicochemical characteristics, soil enzymes were more sensitive to levels of thinning intensities. Among the enzymes, soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase could be regarded as indicators to assess soil quality. It is concluded that a suitable thinning intensity benefits the development of undergrowth and soil enzymes. Generally, when the stand with initial density of 8000 trees/hm² grows up to nine years old, the most suitable thinning intensity should be about 50%. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(2): 82–88 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]