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141.
Akinleye AO Kumar V Makkar HP Angulo-Escalante MA Becker K 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(1):119-129
Jatropha platyphylla is a multipurpose and drought-resistant shrub, available in Mexico, locally known as 'sangregrado' and belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Its seeds are rich in oil and protein and do not contain the main toxin, phorbol esters present in other Jatropha species. Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal (JPKM) obtained after oil extraction contained 70-75% crude protein (CP); however, it contained phytate, lectin and trypsin-inhibitor. The levels of essential amino acids (except lysine) were higher in JPKM than in soybean meal (SBM). Using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings a 12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of the heated JPKM and compare with that of SBM and fishmeal. Fingerlings (15 fish; average weight 13.7 ± 0.21g) were randomly distributed in three treatment groups with five replicates. Fish were fed three isonitrogenous diets (CP 36%): control diet containing fishmeal-based protein and two other diets replacing 62.5% fishmeal protein with JPKM (Jatropha group) and SBM (Soybean group). The growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive and energy retention did not differ significantly among the three groups. A lower apparent lipid conversion was observed in the plant protein-fed group than in the control group. RBC count, haematocrit and blood glucose contents were higher in plant-protein fed groups than control group. Other haematological parameters (WBC count, haemoglobin, mean cell volume: calcium and sodium ions, total bilirubin and urea-nitrogen in the blood) and metabolic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase) activities in blood did not differ significantly among the three groups. The results from the present study established that JPKM is a promising and good quality protein source for Nile tilapia feed. 相似文献
142.
Becker PM van der Meulen J Jansman AJ van Wikselaar PG 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):1121-1126
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing K88 (F4) adhesins are associated with post‐weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Different grain fractions from pea (Pisum sativum) and faba bean (Vicia faba) were tested in vitro for their capacity to counteract aetiological factors, which contribute to the development of diarrhoea. In detail, adhesion of E. coli O149:K91:K88ac (ETEC K88ac) to grain legume products, intended to impair the colonization of the host, was studied as well as interference with receptor binding of the pathogen’s heat‐labile enterotoxin LT, intended to reduce toxin‐inflicted gut cell damage. When comparing different pea and faba bean products tested for their binding capacity of ETEC K88ac, especially pea hulls, but also whole pea meal, starch‐enriched and protein‐enriched pea meal, and digestion‐resistant pea hull and meal fractions showed a higher binding of ETEC K88ac than faba bean products. In contrast to the ETEC K88ac adhesion results, bean hulls proved more effective than pea hulls in preventing GM1 receptor binding of LT. Previous small intestinal segment perfusion experiments we performed with ETEC K88ac‐challenged piglets indicated that both pea and bean hulls have the potential for successful application in diarrhoea prophylaxis and treatment, which is in agreement with and refined by our detection of their different modes of functioning. 相似文献
143.
Jatropha curcas seed oil, which can be utilized for biodiesel production upon transesterification, is also rich in phorbol esters (PEs). In this study, PEs from J. curcas oil (Jatropha factors C1 and C2 (purified to homogeneity), Jatropha factors C3 and (C4 + C5) (obtained as mixtures) and PE-rich extract (containing all the above stated Jatropha factors) were investigated. The concentrations of Jatropha PEs were expressed equivalent to Jatropha factor C1. In the snail (Physa fontinalis) bioassay, the order of potency (EC50, μg/L) was: PE-rich extract < factor C3 mixture < factor C2 < factor C1 < factor (C4 + C5). In the Artemia salina bioassay, the order of potency (EC50, mg/L) was: factor C2 < factor C3 mixture < factor C1 < factor (C4 + C5) mixture. In addition, Jatropha PEs exhibited platelet aggregation (ED50, μM, factor C2 < factor C3 mixture < factor C1 < factor (C4 + C5) mixture. The stability of a PE-rich extract was evaluated and found to be low at room temperature but favourable in ethanol over a range of temperatures. By integrating the isolation methodology developed in this study in the Jatropha biodiesel industry, PEs could be obtained as value-added co-products. 相似文献
144.
Löhrke B Viergutz T Kanitz W Becker F Göllnitz K Hurtienne A Schweigert FJ 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(7-8):265-269
An imbalance between formation and detoxification of oxygen radicals leads to oxidant stress that may increase in more intense oxidative metabolism caused by a high intake of metabolizable energy to provide metabolic intermediates for the milk synthesis and secretion. This hypothesis was tested using dairy cows and the concentration of hydroperoxides in lipids (LHP) extracted from circulative lipoprotein particles of low and very low density (LDL and VLDL/chylomicrons) as oxidant stress indicator. The particles were prepared by ultracentrifugation of serum obtained by coccygeal bleeding (13 cows, 1. parity, n=8 and 2. parity, n=5, lactation stage, 53 +/- 1.4 days post partum) and purified by precipitation. Concentrations of LHP-LDL/mg Lipoprotein correlated significantly with daily milk yield (r = 0.73, P = 0.004) or daily milk energy output (r = 0.77, P = 0.003) in contrast to LHP of VLDL/chylomicron particles. Thus, some evidence was obtained for an almost linear, positive relationship between milk productivity and oxidant stress occurring in LDL. 相似文献
145.
146.
K. Eder N. Slomma K. Becker C. Brandsch 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(1-2):45-54
147.
Dorny P Speybroeck N Verstraete S Baeke M De Becker A Berkvens D Vercruysse J 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(21):626-629
Three hundred and forty-six serum samples taken between 1998 and 2000 from urban stray cats in the city of Ghent were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and antigens of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Of these 346 samples, 243 (70.2 per cent) were seropositive for Tgondii. Thirty-nine cats (11.3 per cent) had antibodies against FIV and 13 (3.8 per cent) had circulating antigens of FeLV. Fewer of the female cats had FIV and heavier cats had a higher seroprevalence of FIV. Exact logistic regression showed that cats that were infected with FIV were more likely to be infected with T gondii (P = 0.04), and the cats with FIV had a higher titre of Tgondii antibodies than FIV-negative animals. However, FeLV was not associated with either T gondii or FIV. 相似文献
148.
Velasquez A. E. B. Higuti V. A. H. Guerrero H. B. Gasparino M. V. Magalhães D. V. Aroca R. V. Becker M. 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(2):349-368
Precision Agriculture - Severe working conditions, the cost reduction need and production growth justify the adoption of technological techniques in agricultural production. Currently, Global... 相似文献
149.
The solvent retention capacity (SRC) test is a relatively new AACC Approved Method (56‐11) for evaluating soft wheat flour quality. The test measures the ability of flour to retain a set of four solvents (water, 50% sucrose, 5% sodium carbonate, and 5% lactic acid) after centrifugation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of wheat meal sodium carbonate and lactic acid SRC tests and SDS sedimentation volume within three populations of soft spring wheat inbred lines as tools for selecting for improved flour SRC profiles, flour extraction, and cookie and pastry quality. The populations were derived from the crosses Vanna/Penawawa, Kanto 107/IDO488, and M2/IDO470 and were grown in replicated, irrigated trials in 2000 and 2001 near Aberdeen, Idaho. Within each of the three populations, wheat meal sodium carbonate SRC effectively predicted straight‐grade flour sodium carbonate (r = 0.69–0.81) and sucrose SRC (r = 0.74–0.84). Wheat meal sodium carbonate SRC also was negatively correlated with flour extraction and sugar snap cookie diameter. Wheat meal lactic acid SRC predicted straight‐grade flour lactic acid SRC in only one population. In contrast, SDS sedimentation volume predicted straight‐grade flour lactic acid SRC in all three populations (r = 0.74–0.93). Moreover, SDS sedimentation volume and wheat meal sodium carbonate SRC were independent in two of the three populations. This suggests that the SDS sedimentation and sodium carbonate SRC may measure different intrinsic characteristics. Therefore, a combination of sodium carbonate SRC and SDS sedimentation volume analyses of wheat meal may be an efficient approach to selecting toward target SRC profiles, increased flour extraction, and larger sugar snap cookie diameter in soft wheats. 相似文献
150.
Vikas Kumar Harinder P. S. Makkar Nicholas Romano Klaus Becker 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2019,31(1):48-67
Detoxified Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) was created through heat and solvent extraction and replaced fish meal (FM) at 0% (Control), 50% (J50), or 62.5% (J62.5) in common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerling (initial mean weight ± SD; 22 ± 0.12 g) diets over 16 weeks. Growth performance and feeding efficiencies were similar (P > 0.05) among groups, but nutrient digestibilities and digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Control than others. The slightly lower growth and significantly lower nutrient digestibility in carp fed DJKM indicates a need to improve the nutritive value of DJKM as a promising and sustainable FM alternative. 相似文献