甘蔗二点螟在湖南的发生特点

甘蔗二点螟（ＣｈｉｌｏｉｎｆｕｓｃａｆｅｌｕｓＳｎｅｌｅｎ）以幼虫越冬。低龄幼虫在种蔗和盖膜宿根蔗内,８℃以上温度即可取食为害,可成为有效虫源。进入滞育的龄期为５龄,一旦滞育,幼虫则不能老熟,但仍可取食和脱皮。老熟幼虫可以休眠方式越冬。预蛹期前有３－５ｄ的后补营养期,蛹历期６－１８ｄ。年发生代数１－４代。     

Variability of piglet birth weights: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of litter size and supplementation of functional amino acids on the piglet birth weight variability through of a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and SciELO are the main used databases and were searched in January 2019 by using the following keywords and their combinations: within-litter birth, weight variability, piglets, litter size, sow, amino acids, gestation, uniformity, CV and/or SD. Of the 64 pre-selected articles, only articles presenting the coefficients of variation and/or standard deviations according to the litter size and different levels of amino acid supplementation in the sow diets during gestation were selected. The average birth weights of total and live piglets were 43% lower in litters from sows with high prolificacy than those from sows with low prolificacy. The weight variability was affected by high prolificacy sows, with increases of 4.04% and 4.54% in the coefficients of variation of total and born alive piglets respectively (p = .074; p = .009). The standard deviation increased by 180 g in born alive piglets to high prolificacy sows. The coefficients of variation of total and live piglets born from high prolificacy sows showed an increase of 4.04% and 4.54% respectively (p = .07; p < .05). There was a tendency for reduced weight variability with amino acids supplementation when considering the standard deviation of total born (p = .072). However, reproductive performance was not significantly influenced (p > .05). In conclusion, the average litter weight and the number of piglets born influence weight variability. Amino acids supplementation may reduce the birth weight variability between piglets. However, this effect depends on the amino acid used, the levels of supplementation and on other factors not completely addressed in this study. Thus, more research is necessary to fully elucidate this topic.