Subluxation of the carpus in thirteen horses

The records of 13 horses of various breeds with subluxation of the radiocarpal, intercarpal or carpometacarpal joint, or combinations of these were reviewed. Subluxation was most common at the carpometacarpal joint (n = 10) and concomitant fractures of individual carpal bones or metacarpus II and IV were seen (n = 12).

Treatment comprised of immobilization in a full leg plaster cast for from four to 18 weeks. Three animals were euthanized, two because of cast complications and one because of a request by the owner. The remaining ten were saved to function as breeding animals.

     

Comparison of Laboratory and Pilot-Plant Corn Wet-Milling Procedures

One waxy and three regular yellow dent corn hybrids were wet milled by using two scales of laboratory procedures (modified 100-g and 1-kg) and a pilot-plant procedure (10-kg). The modified 100-g and 1-kg laboratory procedures gave similar yields of wet-milling fractions. Starch yields and recoveries were significantly lower for the pilot-plant procedure, whereas gluten and fiber yields were greater because of their high contents of unrecovered starch. Protein contents of the starches obtained by all three procedures were within commercially acceptable limits (<0.50% db for normal dent corn and <0.30% for waxy corn). Rankings for starch yields and starch recoveries for the four hybrids, having very different physical and compositional properties, were the same for all three procedures. The harder the grain, the lower the yield and recovery of starch. Least significant differences (P < 0.05) for starch yield were 0.8% for the modified 100-g procedure, 1.2% for the 1-kg procedure, and 2.0% for the pilot-plant procedure.     

Extrusion of Cross‐Linked Hydroxypropylated Corn Starches I. Pasting Properties

A series of cross‐linked (0, 0.014, 0.018, 0.024, and 0.028% POCl₃, dry starch basis) hydroxypropylated (8%) corn starches were extruded using a Leistritz micro‐18 co‐rotating extruder. Process variables included moisture, barrel temperature, and screw design. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction studies showed the level of starch crystallinity decreased with increasing severity of extrusion conditions. Pasting properties of the extruded starches were examined using a Rapid Visco Analyser. Pasting profiles of starches extruded at different conditions displayed different hot paste viscosity and final viscosity. Increasing starch moisture content during extrusion and level of cross‐linking increased starch viscosity (P < 0.0001), whereas increasing extrusion temperature and shear decreased starch viscosity (P < 0.0001). Interactions were found between level of cross‐linking and screw design and between extrusion temperature and starch moisture content (P < 0.0001).