家蚕春用品种研究现状及展望

家蚕新品种的选育和应用是蚕丝业科技进步的核心因素,春用蚕品种研究则是这个核心的重点。本文就国内外家蚕春用品种研究的历史、现状及发展方向进行阐述,希望对我国当前的蚕育种工作有所帮助。     

矿区土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展

矿产资源是人类经济社会发展的重要物质基础,然而在矿产资源的开采过程中,重金属等污染物在土壤环境介质中迁移,最终对矿区生态环境和人体健康造成严重威胁。矿区地质地貌复杂、土壤理化性质变异性大、污染物迁移转化过程复杂、现有土壤污染修复不彻底等成为矿区土壤污染修复主要限制因素。本文通过分析近年来矿区土壤污染修复研究成果,系统提出了构建地形地貌修复基本理念,综述了原位提取、钝化、纳米材料、联合修复以及新理念五类矿区土壤重金属污染修复技术的研究现状和最新研究进展,归纳总结了现有技术的适用范围和优缺点,提出了矿区土壤污染修复技术的未来发展方向,旨在为矿区重金属污染土壤修复的研究与实践提供理论参考。     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

泌阳县肉牛养殖常用饲料原料中微量元素及重金属含量分析

[目的]饲料原料中微量元素和重金属的含量对肉牛的生长发育及生态环境均有重要影响,通过对肉牛养殖中常用饲料原料中的微量元素及重金属含量进行分析,为肉牛养殖提供参考.[方法]研究对泌阳县境内24份肉牛养殖常用的饲料原料样品进行分析,采用硼氢化钾还原原子荧光光谱法测定了饲料原料中4种微量元素(铜、铁、锌、硒)及2种重金属(砷...     

基于Jetson Nano处理器的大蒜鳞芽朝向调整装置设计与试验

为满足大蒜定向播种的农艺要求,针对现有大蒜鳞芽调整方法对杂交蒜适应性差的问题,该研究设计了一种基于Jetson Nano处理器的大蒜鳞芽朝向自动调整装置.采用双卷积神经网络模型结构,其中一个神经网络模型对大蒜是否被喂入进行实时监测,检测到大蒜喂入调整装置后,一个ResNet-18网络模型对蒜种鳞芽朝向进行判断,当鳞芽朝...     

木荷鲜花香气化学成分研究初报

以固相微萃取吸附采集木荷鲜花的香气成分,用GC／MS总离子流色谱峰的峰面积归一化法对木荷鲜花的挥发性成分进行了分析。鉴定结果表明,木荷鲜花能挥发出多种有益于人体健康的芳香气体物质,其香气成分包括：l-芳樟醇（16．83％）、桧烯（13．83％）、α-蒎烯（10．28％）、苯甲醇（8．78％）、3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯（7．55％）、吉玛烯-D（5．23％）、2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1,4-二酮（4．84％）、反式-氧化芳樟醇（3．41％）、反式-石竹烯（3．14％）等48种化合物。结果为进一步研究及开发利用木荷林资源提供依据。     

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

宇宙线散落核素7Be在山区表土层中的分布特征及侵蚀示踪原理

宇宙线散落核素⁷Be具稳定的物质来源和53.3天的半衰期,提供了示踪环境微粒季节性迁移的必要条件;其在土粒中主要存在于Fe-Mn氧化物及有机质结合相,适应于季节性微粒迁移示踪;它在表土层中的垂直分布特征提供了示踪微粒季节性迁移的充分条件。⁷Be在表土层中的累计值、表观比活度、最大渗透深度及相对侵蚀(或堆积)速率是土粒迁移的示踪参数。     

全程与阶段性非充分灌溉条件下水稻的生长及部分生理反应

有关水分胁迫改变水稻生长形态、组织结构与生理代谢方面的研究已有不少报道，但试验结果间颇有差异。在以往水分胁迫的植物效应研究中，往往只讨论水分胁迫处理本身对试验结果的影响，较少涉及处理前水稻生长环境的影响。至今尚未见有作物对全程和阶段性非充分灌溉反应差异的试验报道。本研究拟通过作物体对水分胁迫较为敏感的叶片水分含量、叶绿素含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量、根系活力、叶片气孔阻抗和光合速率等指标进行测定，探讨抽穗后(即阶段性)与全程非充分灌溉影响水稻产量形成的差异及其生理机制，为发展水稻节水栽培技术提供理论依据。     

植物化学生态学中的克生作用在草业上的表现

为了解植物生化他感作用在草业（田间杂草）中的作用，１９８６－１９８８年通过查阅资料并对我国大部分牧区和农区实地考察，证明，在植间广泛存在着因植物次生代谢产物对微生态环境的改变所引起的植物种内和种间生长发育相互促进和抑制的生化他感作用，其中植物间的克生作用（抑制作用）表现的较为明显，而这种作用与草原退化和农田杂草的蔓延有着密切关系。