高校大学毕业生就业竞争力提高途径研究

大学生就业难是目前高校毕业生面临的主要问题,而大学毕业生就业竞争力不足已成为当前制约毕业生就业的瓶颈。文章从大学生自身角度出发,分析了在求职过程中表现出的实践动手能力差、缺乏从基层做起的实干精神、团队合作意识和社会适应能力差等问题,并从引导大学生树立正确的就业观念、培养吃苦耐劳的品质、提高大学生综合素质、增强团队合作意识和社会适应能力、强化实践锻炼方面提出了增强大学生就业竞争力的有效途径。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌SFU—18液体深层发酵培养基的优化

采用BPY培养基，在最佳培养条件：温度为37℃、初始pH为7．0、溶氧量为40mL/250mL,230r/min接种量为4％下，测定了纳豆芽孢杆菌菌株SFU－18的生长曲线，从而确定了纳豆芽杆菌的最佳接种种龄以及收获时间。然后，在种子培养液其他成分保持不变的情况下，分别改变氮源、碳源、无机盐、生长因子进行单因素实验（以原种子液为对照），采用L（9）3^4正交表设计实验进行培养基的优化，确定了纳豆芽孢杆菌液体深层发酵的最佳培养基配比为：玉米淀粉1％、豆粕粉5％、玉米浆1．5％、NaClO.2%。     

不同畜种的动物标识佩戴试验

通过对仔猪、野猪、山羊的动物标识佩戴测试,发现不同种类、不同日龄动物佩戴标识需要的时间、动物标识的脱落和损坏情况各不相同。建议根据动物的生活习性科学设计标识,以降低动物标识的脱落率和损坏率,并探索提高动物标识佩戴效率的方法,进一步推进动物标识及疫病可追溯体系的建设。     

小麦黑麦易位系生产现状

小麦黑麦易位系生产具有重要的实践意义和理论意义。作者对已报道的小麦黑麦易位系进行了统计,共４４ 个,大部分为整臂易位类型     

Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China

The present studies were carried out to evaluate resistance in the populations of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from five districts of Hunan Province in China to various insecticides from 2010 to 2012 using a standard leaf dip bioassay method. For organophosphates and pyrethroids, resistance ratios compared with a susceptible Lab-BJ strain were in the range of 14–229-fold for organophosphates and 12–227-fold for pyrethroids. Similarly, relative low levels of resistance to emamectin, indoxacarb, and chlorfenapyr were observed in all five populations. In contrast, the resistance to carbamates (thiodicarb or methomyl) was significantly higher than that of organophosphates, pyrethroids and newer chemistry insecticides. The pairwise correlation coefficients of LC₅₀ values indicated that the newer chemistry insecticides and old generation insecticides were not significant except abamectin, which was negatively significantly correlated with methomyl. A significant correlation was observed between thiodicarb, methomyl, and deltamethrin, whereas resistance to bifenthrin showed no correlations with resistance to other insecticides except deltamethrin. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides.     

Reevaluation of the Dietary Protein Requirement of Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary protein requirement by different analysis methods and to study the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance and body composition in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed white fish meal and casein-based diets for 8 wk. After a 1-wk conditioning period, one of six isocaloric diets containing 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60% crude protein (CP) was fed to fish at approximately 4–5% of wet body weight on a dry matter basis to triplicate groups of 15 fish averaging 13.3 ± 0.06 g (mean ± SD). After 8 wk of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) from fish fed 48% CP diet were similar to those from fish fed 42% and 54% CP diets, and were significantly higher than those from fish fed 30, 36 and 60% CP diets ( P < 0.05). Fish fed 48 and 54% CP diets had a significant higher specific growth rate (SGR) than did fish fed 30 and 36% CP diets ( P 0.05). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was inversely related to the dietary protein level. No significant differences existed in hematocrit (PCV) and survival rate among the dietary treatments. Broken-line model analysis indicated that the optimum dietary protein level could be 44.0 ± 3.0% for maximum WG in Japanese flounder. Polynomial regression analysis of the dose-response showed that maximum WG occurred at 50.2% ( R² = 0.94) based on WG, and the second-order polynomial regression analysis with 95% confidence limits revealed that the range of minimum protein requirement was between 38.9% and 40.3% based on WG. Therefore, these findings suggest that the optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum growth of Japanese flounder is greater than 40%, but less than 44% CP in the fish meal and casein-based diets containing 17.0 kJ/g of energy.     

Effects of the dietary protein levels and the protein to energy ratio in sub‐yearling Persian sturgeon,Acipenser persicus (Borodin)

A 3 × 4 factorial design was used to evaluate the dietary protein requirement and to determine the optimum dietary protein to energy (P/DE) ratio in sub‐yearling Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, reared in the indoor system. Twelve experimental diets (₄₀P₁₆, ₄₀P₁₇, ₄₀P₁₈, ₄₀P₁₉, ₄₅P₁₉, ₄₅P₁₇, ₄₅P₁₈, ₄₅P₁₉, ₅₀P₁₆, ₅₀P₁₇, ₅₀P₁₈ and ₅₀P₁₉) were formulated and prepared to contain three protein levels (40%, 45% and 50%) and four digestible energy levels (16, 17, 18 and 19 kJ g^?1 diet) at each protein level. Fish averaging 103.3 ± 3.5 (mean ± SD) were fed one of the experimental diets for 14 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, there were significant energy effects (P < 0.05) on weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR). Weight gain and SGR tended to decrease, although non‐significantly, with increase in dietary protein levels. Furthermore, there were significant protein and energy interaction effects on WG, SGR, hepatosomatic index and protein efficiency ratio. However, there were no significant dietary protein, energy or their interaction effects on feed efficiency for fish fed all diets. Weight gain and SGR of fish fed ₄₀P₁₉ were significantly higher than those of fish fed ₄₀P₁₆, ₄₅P₁₆, ₄₅P₁₇, ₅₀P₁₆ and ₅₀P₁₇ diets (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in WG and SGR among fish fed ₄₀P₁₇, ₄₀P₁₈, ₄₀P₁₉, ₄₅P₁₈, ₄₅P₁₉, ₅₀P₁₈ and ₅₀P₁₉ diets. These results may indicate that the optimum dietary protein requirement and the P/DE ratio could be 40% protein and 22.0 mg protein kJ^?1 (₄₀P₁₈), respectively, in Persian sturgeon, based on growth performance and feed utilization.     

畜禽粪便堆肥用翻抛机的研究现状与展望

堆肥发酵是利用畜禽粪便等农业废弃物生产有机肥的一个关键环节,翻抛机作为提高堆肥发酵效率和质量的重要设备,具有巨大的发展潜力。为此,对翻抛机的类型和关键部件进行了介绍,分析了国内外翻抛机的研究现状与发展趋势,为畜禽粪便堆肥用翻抛机的进一步研究提供了依据。     

Long-term evaluation of extruded diets compared with raw fish moist diet for growing Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

A long‐term experiment was conducted in sea cages to compare three experimental extruded pellet (EP) diets with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). White fishmeal (WFM), soybean meal (SM) and fishmeal analogue (BAIFA‐M?)‐based experimental EP diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with 50% crude protein (CP) with available energy of 16.7 kJ g^?1 diet. An MP diet made of 80% frozen horse mackerel + 20% commercial binder meal was also included in the experiment. The proportions of the major protein ingredients in three experimental EP diets were as follows: WFM diet, 100% WFM; SM diet, 70% WFM + 30% SM; BAIFA‐M? diet, 70% WFM + 30% BAIFA‐M?. The experiment was divided into three periods according to fish size: period I, initial weight of 20.2 ± 3.6 g (mean ± SD); period II, initial weight of 57.6 ± 4.7 g (mean ± SD); period III, initial weight of 96.3 ± 6.9 g (mean ± SD). There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, thermal‐unit growth coefficient, specific growth rate, haemoglobin, or haematocrit among fish that were fed the four diets during all three periods. However, fish that were fed the MP diet had a lower survival rate than the fish that were fed the other three EP diets for all periods. These results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet for the grow‐out stage of production of Korean rockfish without adverse effects on growth performance.     

草鱼尾鳍组织二倍体细胞系GCCF-2的建立及其部分生物学特性分析

本文从草鱼尾鳍组织建立了一个二倍体细胞系GCCF-2。该细胞系用TC-199培养液加15％小牛血清培养。细胞生长旺盛,最高分裂指数达30.04‰。现已在体外培养近92个月。细胞在28℃生长良好。染色体检查表明,GCCF-2为二倍体细胞系。初步估计其细胞周期为21—33小时。GCCF-2对草鱼呼肠弧病毒(GCRV)敏感,并在细胞中发现病毒颗粒。