Free and conjugated phytosterols in cured tobacco leaves: influence of genotype, growing region, and stalk position

Although phytosterols in tobacco leaves have specific effects on tobacco quality, there is little research on the distribution of free and conjugated phytosterols in various tobacco leaves. In this paper, we explored the content and composition of phytosterols in representative cured tobacco leaves by gas chromatography of TMS-ether derivatives. We found that phytosterol contents in tobacco leaves ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 mg/g of dried leaf tissue, depending on different types of tobacco leaves. The majority of phytosterols (75-85%) were conjugated as ester and glycosides, with only about 15-25% existing in the free form. Furthermore, the genetic variability gives rise to the significant differences among different tobacco types with phytosterol levels: the contents of phytosterols in tobacco leaves decreased in the order of flue-cured tobacco, Oriental tobacco, Burley tobacco, cigar tobacco, and Maryland tobacco. At the same time, the tobacco curing process leads to a difference in phytosterol existing-form distribution in some variation laws.     

板材图像识别中颜色特征参数的提取

简述了彩色图像处理技术中颜色模型的选择,介绍了用来表征颜色的特征量含义,提取东北常见4个树种表面颜色特征参数值,并对各参数值进行了比较分析。按颜色参数用自组织竞争神经网络进行了分类,取得了比较好的分类效果。     

昆虫生长调节剂的抗性治理对策

综述了昆虫生长调节剂的发展概况,昆虫生长调节剂———保幼激素类似物、蜕皮激素类似物、几丁质合成抑制剂(含苯甲酰基脲类除虫剂、噻二嗪类、三嗪(嘧啶)胺类等品种)、四环三萜类化合物的应用研究情况以及农业害虫对昆虫生长调节剂的抗性机理,对不同的昆虫生长调节剂,其抗性机理不同.对于抗几丁质抑制剂,可能是几丁质合成酶受到保护,使抑制剂的穿透率降低;保幼激素类似物因双键或环氧等易被多功能氧化酶氧化降解.依据抗性机理,需加强抗性监测,从而更好地进行抗性治理.     

影响绒山羊经济性状的环境因素分析

利用内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊种羊场从1993—2000年间的绒山羊经济性状记录,对其进行方差分析。结果表明:羊群和年龄对所有经济性状都影响极显著(P<0.01);出生类型对所有经济性状影响不显著(P>0.05);年份除了对绒长度影响不显著(P>0.05)外,对其他性状影响均极显著(P<0.01);性别除了对绒细度影响不显著(P<0.05)外,对其他性状影响均极显著(P<0.01)。     

The Microstructure,Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Derivatives

Chitosan obtained from abundant marine resources has been proven to have a variety of biological activities. However, due to its poor water solubility, chitosan application is limited, and the degradation products of chitosan oligosaccharides are better than chitosan regarding performance. Chitosan oligosaccharides have two kinds of active groups, amino and hydroxyl groups, which can form a variety of derivatives, and the properties of these derivatives can be further improved. In this review, the key structures of chitosan oligosaccharides and recent studies on chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, including their synthesis methods, are described. Finally, the antimicrobial and antitumor applications of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives are discussed.     

大豆对SMV株系SC-11的抗性遗传及抗病基因的等位性研究

利用对我国北方大豆产区流行株系SC-11表现抗病的材料科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、齐黄22、诱变30、PI96983、Kwanggyo和感病材料南农1138-2、南农18-6配制的抗感和抗抗杂交组合,研究了对SC-11的抗性遗传以及不同材料的抗病基因间的等位性关系.结果表明,科丰1号、邳县茶豆、大白麻、PI96983、Kwanggyo、齐黄22、诱变30与感病品种杂交的F1表现抗病,F2呈3抗:1感分离比例,F2:3家系呈1抗:2分离:1感病的分离比率,证明它们对SC-11的抗性由单显性基因控制.PI96983×Kwanggyo和齐黄22×诱变30杂交后的F2群体未发现抗感分离,表明PI96983与Kwanggyo以及齐黄22与诱变30对SC-11的抗性基因是等位或紧密连锁的.大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆杂交的F2呈15抗:1感的比例分离,初步表明大白麻与科丰1号、邳县茶豆、诱变30,科丰1号与Kwanggyo,PI96983与邳县茶豆所携带的抗SC-11的基因是不等位的,而且2个抗性基因独立遗传.     

基于转录组测序的槜李EST-SSR标记开发

为开发槜李EST-SSR标记,本研究利用MISA软件筛选了槜李花转录组测序获得的35584条Unigenes,对其SSR信息进行分析后,利用Primer Premier 3.0软件设计EST-SSR引物,并随机选取40对SSR引物对12个李品种进行EST-SSR引物筛选及多态性分析。结果发现,在槜李花转录组中共搜索到个10791个SSR位点,分布于8433条Unigenes,SSR发生频率为23.70%,平均每3.71 kb含有1个SSR;SSR重复基元中二核苷酸重复出现频率最高,占总SSR数量的52.98%,其次为三核苷酸重复(占24.00%)和单核苷酸重复(占20.95%);二核苷酸重复基元以AG/CT为主(85.95%),三核苷酸重复基元以AAG/CTT为主(31.24%)。利用Primer Premier 3.0软件共设计出9870对候选引物,随机选择40对引物对12个李品种进行SSR引物筛选及多态性分析。40对引物均能扩增出预期大小的条带,有效扩增效率为100%,40对引物中有5对引物在12个李品种中表现出多态性。本研究开发的EST-SSR标记可为李属植物遗传多样性分析提供丰富的候选标记,同时可为槜李发育相关功能基因定位、遗传图谱构建、及分子标记辅助育种等研究提供帮助。     

驻极体对大肠杆菌的影响研究

为了有效防止空气中的大肠杆菌附着在食物等表面对人和动物造成腹泻等肠道疾病。以聚四氟乙烯制作的驻极体薄膜为试材,用控制变量法与理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法测得带负电和带正电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌的影响数据。结果表明：带负电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌的正常生长具有抑制作用,最高抑制率达到70.82%;带正电的驻极体薄膜促进了大肠杆菌的生长,最高促进率达到54.65%。进一步用光学显微镜观察到在带正电的驻极体薄膜下处理后的大肠杆菌菌落生长密集,带负电的驻极体薄膜处理后的菌落生长稀疏。驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌生长造成影响的机制主要是静电场影响了大肠杆菌分子的膜电位,进而影响大肠杆菌的生长。带负电的驻极体薄膜对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用,可为生产与驻极体灭菌有关的材料提供理论依据。