1株临床高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与鉴定

本研究从江苏省某猪场患有明显呼吸道临床症状和高热死亡的仔猪肺脏组织中分离到一株病毒,经病毒生物学特性测定、血清学试验、病毒基因鉴定,确定为美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)。人工猪体感染发病试验表明,该分离株可以引起商品仔猪出现明显临床症状和死亡,证实我国已经出现临床高致病性PRRSV毒株。     

农牧交错带半干旱草地生态系统土壤呼吸对短期不同放牧强度的响应

放牧对生态脆弱区的半干旱草地生态系统的群落结构以及生产力的改变更加敏感。通过研究土壤呼吸各组分在不同放牧强度下的变化,得到最适宜的放牧强度的固碳效应。本研究以位于山西省右玉县农牧交错带的半干旱草地生态系统为研究对象,探究短期不同放牧强度对土壤呼吸的影响。2017-2018年每年5月开始进行不同强度的放牧实验,共设置了4个放牧强度：不放牧（对照）、轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧（分别表示为G₀,G₁,G₂和G₃）。采用静态箱法测定不同处理的土壤总呼吸（Soil total respiration,SR_tot）和土壤异养呼吸（Soil heterotrophic respiration,SR_h）,同时监测10 cm表层土壤温度和含水量。实验结果表明：短期不同放牧强度对农牧交错带半干旱草地SR_tot、SR_h和土壤自养呼吸（Soil autotrophic respiration,SR_a）在生长季均呈单峰型变化趋势,各放牧强度均使SR_tot和SR_h有所降低。土壤温度（10 cm）与SR_tot和SR_h呈显著正相关（r²>0.1,P <0.05）。     

Impact of weedy rice populations on the growth and yield of direct-seeded and transplanted rice

To examine the impact of weedy rice ( Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea ) populations on the growth and yield of direct-seeded and transplanted rice ( Oryza sativa ), a field experiment with a random two-factor design that included cultivation methods (direct-seeding and transplanting) and the density of weedy rice (0, 5, 25, and 125 plants per m²) was conducted. The data from the experiment showed that weedy rice had a significantly poorer performance in the direct-seeded fields than in the transplanted fields in terms of its vegetative (plant height) and reproductive traits (panicle and seed production). In contrast, with the interference of weedy rice, cultivated rice showed an improved performance in the direct-seeded fields than in the transplanted fields, with a significantly higher tiller production and grain yield. The results suggest that cultivated rice can tolerate more successfully the infestation of weedy rice in direct-seeded fields because of its enhanced competitive ability compared to that in transplanted fields.     

河北省谷田杂草综合防控技术研究

春播谷田杂草发生有3个峰期,夏播谷田杂草发生仅1个峰期。综合防控技术方案为：44%单嘧.扑灭WP的最佳剂量为1 800 g/hm2,播后苗前进行土壤处理;整地要平整、紧实;土壤含水量要求达到15%;药后不喷灌,或避开有中到大雨的天气用药。这样药效持续期在45 d以上,能有效控制谷田杂草危害,确保谷子安全生长。     

基于AHP的晋中潇河湿地公园植物景观评价

为提高晋中市潇河湿地公园植物景观效果,采用实地调查和AHP法,分别从生态效益、景观效益和服务功能3个方面选取10个代表性评价因子,对植物景观进行评价并分级。在潇河湿地公园植物景观评价体系中,生态效益权重最大,为0.633 2,其次为景观效益,权重为0.239 5,服务功能的权重为0.137 3。根据综合评价结果,在四种不同的配置模式下,乔灌草植物景观被归为Ⅰ级,而乔草、乔灌、灌草植物景观则被归为Ⅱ级。通过对植物资源调查和对植物景观进行评价,研究将为湿地公园景观营建、植物空间塑造和生态环境改善提供科学依据。     

Time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and their implications for modeling transpiration in an arid region of Northwest China

Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation(R_s) and vapor pressure deficit of the air(VPD_(air)). Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_(air) both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize's sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_(air) in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration and conductance using meteorological measurements.     

The optimized Gabor window spectrum of gear fault diagnosis detection

There is a lot of non-stationary signals in gear vibration signals,which is analyzed by using Gabor spectrum. To resolve the problem of the choice of window,a method based on entropy is proposed to select the optimal Gabor window width,and the time-frequency resolution of Gabor transform is improved. Since the spectrum has its specific mechanism of crossing-item,the Gabor spectrum is calculated in the region of the key support area and the crossing-item is effectively removed,then the Gabor spectrum is used to analysis the time-frequency distribution of vibration signals of gear,and this method is compared with traditional analysis methods. The result shows that the Gabor spectrum can intuitively react abnormal gear and energy changes with time,and easily diagnose the gear fault.     

基于欧李枝条的农林废弃物基质对番茄生长发育的影响

为了解决欧李枝条等农林废弃物农业环境污染和资源循环利用问题,以欧李枝条、玉米秸秆、牛粪沼渣和河沙为原料,将基于欧李枝条复配的6种基质采用随机区组排列的方法,研究了复配基质的理化性质、保温、保水、保肥性能及其对番茄生长发育的影响,并对所有指标进行了主成分分析。结果表明:以欧李枝条∶玉米秸秆∶牛粪沼渣∶河沙=1∶1∶1∶1比例为基础的复配基质C1具有较好的保温、保水及保肥性能,并且能够显著促进番茄的生长发育。主成分分析表明,C1是能够促进番茄植株生长发育和维持基质质量的最佳配方,该研究为利用农林废弃物开发新型蔬菜栽培基质提供参考依据。     

枣新品种‘中牟脆丰’

 ‘中牟脆丰’是早熟鲜食枣新品种。果实较小,平均单果质量5.91 g,整齐度高,肉质酥脆多汁,风味酸甜,可溶性糖含量17.70%,可滴定酸含量0.55%,口感好,鲜食品质上等。结果能力强,丰产性好,裂果轻。9月中下旬成熟,适宜在河南各枣区栽培。     

香鳞毛蕨不同生境土壤养分与微生物多样性的研究

以黑龙江省6个香鳞毛蕨主产地(五大连池二池、五大连池三池、老黑山、镜泊湖、民俗村、镜泊峡谷)土壤为试材,利用常规实验室分析法和Biolog-Eco微平板法,研究了黑龙江省香鳞毛蕨产地土壤微生物的群落特征。对土壤养分、多样性指数及不同生境土壤对碳源的利用情况进行分析。结果表明:1)土壤有机质、全氮含量表现为老黑山最低,其他香鳞毛蕨产地间差异不显著;土壤碱解氮含量表现为五大连池三池五大连池二池民俗村、老黑山、镜泊湖、镜泊峡谷;土壤全磷含量表现为五大连池三池、五大连池二池最低,其他香鳞毛蕨产地间差异不显著;土壤速效磷含量表现为镜泊湖火山群样地较低,五大连池火山群样地较高;全钾含量表现为镜泊湖、老黑山五大连池二池、民俗村、镜泊峡谷、五大连池三池;速效钾含量表现为镜泊湖民俗村老黑山、镜泊峡谷、五大连池三池五大连池二池;缓效钾含量表现为老黑山五大连池三池五大连池二池镜泊湖、镜泊峡谷民俗村;pH介于5.38~6.56,且不同样地pH变化范围较小,变异系数为8.99%。2)各产地的土壤微生物群落功能多样性指数表现为镜泊湖镜泊峡谷、民俗村老黑山五大连池二池、五大连池三池。3)不同香鳞毛蕨产地土壤微生物碳源利用的主成分分析(PCA)表明糖类、氨基酸类、多聚物类、羧酸类、胺类和酚酸类碳源是香鳞毛蕨土壤微生物功能多样性差异的敏感碳源。4)聚类分析表明,五大连池二池和三池的土壤微生物具有相近的碳源利用模式,镜泊湖和镜泊峡谷土壤微生物的碳源利用模式相近,而老黑山和民俗村土壤微生物的碳源利用模式相近。