丹江口库区西河小流域水土流失定量遥感监测研究

研究选用中国科学院南京土壤研究所卜兆宏水土流失定量监测模型QRSM,应用"3S"技术,选用高分辨率1∶1万地形图和ALOS遥感数据,将影响水土流失的各因子值可精确计算到每个像元,以丹江口库区西河小流域为重点试验研究区在长江上游地区进行了研究。对模型各因子计算进行了误差处理和参数调整,并对QRSM模型中雨量预报PI算法与USLE模型经典算法EI两种不同算法得出的R值进行了精度对比,结果表明PI算法雨量预报准确率达到86.2%。监测结果得出,西河小流域水土流失面积1 901.00hm2,占总面积的48.4%,其中轻度流失面积685.64hm2,中度流失面积253.86hm2,强度流失面积428.16hm2,极强度流失面积450.04hm2,剧烈流失面积83.30hm2,分别占流失总面积的36.1%,13.4%,22.5%,23.7%,4.3%。流域内年土壤侵蚀总量为10 350t,侵蚀模数为2 633t/(km2·a),属中度水土流失类型区。流域的北部是治理区,南部是对照区,北部治理区水土流失面积降低到了15%以下。选择侵蚀程度严重的马槽沟子流域,通过模型监测水土流失量与实测泥沙量数据比较,模型水土流失预报精度高达89.6%。该研究将监测模型推广应用到长江流域上游地区,对逐步实现对长江流域水土流失的监测预报具有前瞻性,并对其它小流域也有一定的理论参考和实践推广示范及技术支撑等价值。     

投影寻踪技术在松嫩平原西部水资源可持续利用中的应用

根据松嫩平原西部水资源复合系统的特征和水资源条件,建立了区域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系。应用投影寻踪技术,采用实码遗传算法优化投影指标函数,将方案多维评价指标值综合为一维投影值,根据投影值的大小实现方案的优选。研究表明,投影寻踪技术可以有效地解决权重的人为干扰,通过优化排序实现对评价结果的定量化表征。     

不同施肥方式下土中有机氯农药的残留特征

Soil samples with three fertilization treatments (no fertilizer, corn straw and farm manure) collected from a Lou soil (Eum-orthic Anthrosol classfied using Chinese Soil Taxonomy) in northwestern China were analysed for residual levels and their characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, HCB, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, a-endosulfan, dieldrin and endrin). Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected in all soil samples except δ-HCH and their total concentrations ranged from 159.31 ± 9.00 to 179.77 ± 2.58 ng g^-1 with an order of HCHs > DDTs > (dieldrin + endrin) > HCB > α-endosulfan. Among all the compounds, γ-HCH had the highest concentration followed by p,p'-DDE. The residual levels of HCH isomers and DDT as well as their metabolites in soil with different fertilization treatments were in the order of γ-HCH > β-HCH ≈ α-HCH > δ-HCH and p,p'-DDE > p,p'-DDT > o,p'-DDT > p,p'-DDD ≈ o,p'-DDE, respectively. DDE/DDT ratios ranged from 1.59 ±0.13 to 3.35 ± 0.16 and endrin/dieldrin ratios from 1.40 ± 0.06 to 9.20 ± 4.05, both indicating no new occurrence of these pesticides in these soils, while α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios of 0.04 indicated a new input of lindane (almost pure γ-HCH) in the past several years. The farm manure treatments showed lower DDT residues than samples without fertilizer. Also addition of corn straw and farm manure increased soil organic matter content and decreased the soil pH which could retard the degradation of DDT in the soil.     

黑土重金属元素局地分异及环境风险

选择典型黑土3个基本样区的191个土壤样品,探讨了8种重金属元素的分异状况。结果表明,不同重金属元素,整体上存在区域差异,表层中Cu、Zn、Cr、Hg均为海伦高于其他两地,Pb为公主岭>海伦>北安;亚表层含量略有降低,分异趋同于表层。不同利用黑土的方式Cu、Zn、Cr、Hg大豆土壤高于玉米和荒地,Pb、Ni、As、Cd基本呈现玉米>大豆>荒地,整体上荒地土壤重金属含量低于耕地。与土壤理化性质的关系主要体现在公主岭地区,Cu、Zn、Pb、As与全P、全K呈相反的显性相关趋势。重金属的环境污染及潜在生态风险均为海伦>公主岭>北安,海伦地区已构成轻度污染,公主岭存在较大的潜在污染,北安土壤相对较为清洁,Cd、As、Hg在3地区均存在较大的环境风险。     

松粳6号水稻品种同化物地上地下分配模拟模型研究

采用黑龙江省主栽水稻品种松粳6号来研究同化物在地上、地下分配及其动态变化,在试验的基础上,通过模型对水稻同化物分配动态的模拟来较好的解释和预测干物质分配系数,动态模拟干物质在地上、地下的分配规律.     

开花期和果枝部位对短季棉纤维品质及超分子结构的影响

 利用中棉所 16研究了开花期和果枝部位对棉纤维品质与棉纤维超分子结构各项参数动态变化的影响。研究表明 ,棉纤维长度、细度、成熟度及棉纤维强度等品质性状均随开花期推迟温度降低逐渐变差 ,相同开花期条件下果枝部位对棉纤维品质性状有一定影响 ,呈现出下部棉纤维品质略高于上部的趋势 ,但不显著。前期开花较早温度较高时下部果枝的超分子结构参数呈现出优于上部的趋势 ,与下部果枝的棉纤维品质略高于上部相一致 ,但果枝部位的影响并不能改变由于开花期推迟温度降低而对棉纤维超分子结构所产生的影响。     

农作物区域比较优势分析--以江苏省淮安市淮阴区为例

以产量优势指数为比较优势计量指标,分析了江苏省淮安市淮阴区主要的8种农作物在1995~2000年间产量在国内和省内绝对优劣势的变动情况,发现除个别作物的产量绝对优劣势随着时间的推进在个别时期会发生较大的变化外,多数作物的产量绝对优劣势基本保持相对稳定。根据该8种农作物在1995~2000年间的产量优势指数均值及其相对优势排名,还对产量国内和省内比较优势进行了对比分析,结果表明相对于不同高层次区域,作物的比较优势会表现出较大的差别。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪血细胞数目的影响

选用(28±1)d断奶和平均体重为(6.16±0.13)kg的长白×约克夏仔猪96头,按体重相近原则随机分为6个处理,试验日粮分别在基础日粮中添加浓度为0%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%和1.5%的谷氨酰胺。试验期21d。结果表明,随着谷氨酰胺的添加量增加,仔猪血中红细胞、血小板数目逐渐增加,而白细胞、嗜酸白细胞数目逐渐减少。且随着断奶后时间的延长,仔猪自身免疫力和合成谷氨酰胺能力的加强,这种影响逐渐减小,到断奶后第21天,处理组间各指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。谷氨酰胺的最佳添加剂量为1.2%。     

VaR度量金融风险的几个问题

针对VaR模型中的delta-正态模型的计算,分析了其中存在的几个问题并进行了改进。结果认为,用区间估计替代点估计可以提高VaR值的有效性;在用CAPM模型计算股票资产的可能损失时,不能丢失常数项,否则计算值偏大。另鉴于传统VaR模型不能评估市场因子变化时资产损失发生的概率,现基于高维正态分布的计算方法提出了用VaR度量金融市场风险的新方法。     

The Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Status of Luxi Cattle

A total of 87 individuals of Luxi cattle from Juanchen and Liangshan counties, Shangdong Province, China, were sampled by simple random sampling in typical colony. Twenty-one blood proteins and enzymes loci were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE） and starch gel electrophoresis （SGE）. In the meantime, the data of 7 loci of 13 cattle populations in China and other countries were collected and phylogeny relationships were studied. The results indicated that 9 out of 21 loci showed polymorphism （42.86%）; the level of genetic variation in Luxi cattle population was relatively high, the mean heterozygosity was 0.1416. The Luxi cattle have a close phylogenetic relationship with the cattle populations of east and south of Asia, and this further confirmed the fact that Luxi cattle were the cross-breed between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus in China, but it is impossible that yellow cattle contained the blood of of Bali.